128 . EXCURSIONS IN STIRLINGSHIRE. 



common in our district, and, in the Forth and Clyde Canal (at 

 the station recorded in Hennedy's Clydesdale Flora), the common 

 arrow-head (Sagillaria Sagittifolia) were observed. Among the 

 birds noted by the ornithologists was the wood-wren (Phylloscopus 

 sibilatrix). The yellow-hammer (Emberiza citrinella) was still in 

 full song, and, in evidence of the late breeding of this species, 

 young birds were seen and a parent catering for them. The 

 following is a list of the lepidoptera netted by the entomologists: — 

 Tapinostola fulva, Hb., Celaena Hawthornii, Curt., Noctua 

 glareosa, E., N. Xanthographa, W. V., Xanthia fiavago, Fab., 

 Polia chi, L., Crocallis elinguaria, L., Larentia didymata, L., 

 Ypsipetes sordidata, Melanippe fluctuata, L., Cidaria immanata, 

 Haw., C. testata, L., C. populata, Bork., and C. fulvata, Forst. 

 Bonnybridge was visited on the 13th June, 1891. From the 

 railway station the route taken was in an easterly direction to 

 Bonnymuir Wood, where the party inspected an interesting 

 portion of the Roman Wall. This — the wall of Antonine — was 

 built in a.d. 139, and stretched for almost 37 miles between the 

 Firths of Forth and Clyde. It consisted of a vallum or wall built 

 of regularly laid sods on a stone foundation, a fosse or ditch of 

 great depth and breadth along the north side, and, on the 

 south side, a paved military road for easy communication 

 between the various forts. At Bonnymuir Wood sections of 

 the wall have been made under the supervision of the Archeo- 

 logical Society of Glasgow. These sections, cutting the wall 

 transversely, expose in situ the stone foundations or causeway 

 upon which the turf wall was built. At one point of the line 

 a part of the vallum has been restored. Working on the 

 foundation, which is about 14 feet in breadth, the wall has 

 been raised to what has been conjectured to be the original 

 height, the ditch cleaned out and a gutter of small stones 

 laid. The sections and the restoration were examined with great 

 interest. Leaving the wood the party proceeded towards the 

 village of Bonnybridge, thence the route lay along the banks of 

 the Forth and Clyde Canal to Castlecary. The principal plants 

 gathered were Lychnis vespertina, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Carda- 

 mine amara, Lysimachia nemorum, Stellaria uliginosa, Me?iyanlhes 

 trifoliata, Carex curia, and C. ampullacea. A number of less 

 common plants, not in flower, were also seen, notably Slum 



