IIo THE FLOWERING PLANT. 
monstrosities (€.g., among roses) that the receptacle keeps on growing for 
some time, even ending in a second flower. 
II. The sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are considered to be leaves 
for the following reasons:—(1.) Like foliage leaves, they are lateral mem- 
bers, developed acropetally on an axis from which they differ in shape. 
(2.) They are arranged like foliage leaves, @¢., spirally or in whorls. 
(3.) As already stated, certain normal flowers present gradations from 
ordinary leaves, through bracts to sepals, petals, and stamens. (4.) In 
abnormal or monstrous flowers, which are especially common in cultiva- 
tion, the gap between stamens and carpels is bridged over by transitions. 
It also appears that any one kind of floral leaf is capable of either partial 
or complete metamorphosis into any other kind. ‘‘ Double” flowers 
are the best examples. In them stamens, or stamens and carpels, 
become transformed into petals. (5.) All the various kinds of floral leaf 
may, in abnormal specimens, be green in colour, and shaped more or less 
like foliage leaves. The most interesting cases are those where, as in 
double-flowering cherry, the carpels are in the form of small green leaves, 
some quite flat and others partly folded. (6.) Very rarely a bud may 
make its appearance in the axil of a petal or stamen, giving proof of its 
leaf nature. 
III. Nectaries are not found in flowers alone, but may be “extra- 
floral” and variously situated. A good example is common laurel (cherry 
laurel). On the back of each foliage leaf, at its base, and close to the 
mid-rib, are several rounded sticky patches. These are nectaries, and 
observation shows that they are visited by insects (e.g., wasps). 
