166 APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 
Series (2).—Epigyne. 
Order 1.—Iridaceze.—Herbs. Stem, forming bulb, corm, or rhizome. 
Leaves, equitant. Floral formula, Ca 3, Co 3, An 3 + 0, Gn @). 
Placentation, axile. Fruit, a 3-chambered loculicidal capsule 
(fig. 66, C). 
Exs.—lIris, crocus, gladiolus. 
Order 2.— Amaryllidaces.—Herbs. Stem, bulbous. Flowers, usually 
reeular. Floral formula, usually as Liliaceee. but Gn @. Placen- 
tation, axile. F’rwit, generally as in Iridacez (fig. 38). 
Exs.—Snowdrop, daffodil, narcissus. 
Order 3.—Orchidaces.—Herbs. Roots, tuberous. Inflorescence, a 
spike or raceme. Flowers, irregular, twisted completely round. 
Floral formula, usually Ca 3, Co 3, Ani +0,Gn@. Perranth 
generally spurred. Stamen, gynandrous. Placentation, parietal, 
Fruit, a 1-chambered loculicidal capsule (fig. 66, D). 
Exs.—Orchids. 
Cuiass II.—DICOTYLEDONS. 
Sub-class 1.—Incomplete. 
Series (1).—Hypogyne. 
Order 1.—Urticacez.—Herbs or shrubs, frequently covered with 
stinging hairs, Flowers, unisexual. Calyx, regular, with four or 
five divisions. Stamens, superposed to the sepals. Ovule, single, 
straight, erect (fig. 66, E and F). 
Eas. Nettles. 
Order 2,—Amentaceex.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves, scattered. IJnflor- 
escence, catkins. Flowers, unisexual. Male and female flowers 
arranged in different catkins, Gyneciwm, syncarpous. Car- 
els. 
Exs.—Willow, birch, alder. 
Order 3.—Chenopodiacese.—Herbs. Leaves, exstipulate. Flowers, 
small, green, regular, bisexual. Caly.r, 5-lobed. Stamens, super- 
posed to sepals. Gynaciwm, syncarpous. Carpels, 2. 
Exs.—Goosefoot (Chenopodium), spinach, beetroot. 
Order 4.—Polygonacez.—Herbs. Stem, dilated at the nodes. Leaves, 
scattered, with ochreate stipules. lowers, small, regular, gene- 
rally bisexual. Sepals, 4 to 5. Stumens, superposed to sepals. 
Gynectum, synearpous. Carpels, 3. Ovule, single, straight, erect. 
i‘zs.—Knoterass, dock, sorrel, rhubarb. 
Series (2).—Lpigyne. 
Order 1.— Cupuliferze.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves, scattered, stipulate. 
Flowers,small, green, unisexual. Male flowersin catkins. Female 
flowers surrounded by bracts. Fruit, a nut. 
Exs,—-Oak, beech, hazel, hornbeam. 
Sub-cluss 2.—Polypetale. 
Series (1).—-Thalamiflore. 
Order 1.—Ranunculaces.—-Generally herbs. Leaves, usually scat- 
tered. Stamens, indefinite, spirally arranged. Gynactiwm, apo- 
carpous, Oarpels, generally indefinite and spirally arranged. 
Fruit, generally an achene or follicle (fig. 67, A). 
