APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 169 
Eas.—Rose, meadow-sweet, japonica, peach, apricot, plum, 
cherry, laurel (cherry 1.), sloe, lady’s mantle, cinquefoil, 
strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, hawthorn, pear, apple, 
mountain ash (rowan). 
Order 3.—Onagracese.—Herbsorshrubs. Zeaves,exstipulate. Flowers, 
epigynous, usually regular; parts in 4’s. Calyx, often petaloid, 
withalongtube. Gynectwm,syncarpous, superior. Placentation, 
axile. Fruit, a capsule or berry (fig. 68, E). 
Exs.—Willow herb, evening primrose, enchantev’s nightshade, 
fuchsia. 
Order 4.—Umbellifere.—Herbs. Stem, generally fistular. Leaves, 
scattered, exstipulate, sheathing at base, generally deeply divided. 
Inflorescence, an umbel. lowers, epigynous, usually regular. 
Floral formula, Ca 5,Co5,An5,Gn@. Calyx, very small. Fruit, 
a splitting-fruit, dividing into two (fig. 68, F). 
£xs.—Hemlock, celery, carraway, fennel, coriander, parsley, 
parsnip, carrot. 
Sub-class 3.—Gamopetale or Corollifiore. 
Series (1).—Hypogyne. 
Order 1.—Boraginacez.—Hispid herbs. eaves, scattered, entire, ex- 
stipulate. Inflorescence, cymose, helicoid. Flowers, generally 
regular. Floral formula, Ca (5), Co (5), An 5, Gn 2. Stamens, 
epipetalous. Carpels, 2, median. Ovary, 4-lobed. Fruit, a 
splitting fruit, separating into 4 (fig. 68, G). 
Exs.——_Bugloss, borage, comfrey, forget-me-not. 
Order 2.—Solanaceze.—Usually herbs. Leaves, exstipulate. In- 
florescence, cymose. Flowers, usually regular, with parts (except 
gyneecium) in 5’s. Stamens, epipetalous. Carpels, 2. Placenta- 
tion, axile. Fruit, a berry or capsule (fig. 69, A). 
xs.—Bittersweet, potato, winter cherry, tomato, Chili pepper, 
deadly nightshade, tobacco-plant, petunia, thorn-apple, 
henbane. 
Order 3.—Scrophulariacee.—Herbs. lowers, more or less irregu- 
lar. Stamens, 4 (didynamous), 2, or (in mullein) 5; posterior 
stamen absent, except in last case. Carpels, 2. Placentation, 
axile. Ovules, numerous. Jrutt, usually a capsule (fig. 69, B). 
£xs.—Mullein, snapdragon, toad-flax, musk, calceolaria, pen- 
tastemon, foxglove, figwort (Scrophularia), speedwell, 
yellow rattle, 
Order 4.—Labiate.—Herbs. Stem, square, fistular. Leaves, decus- 
sate, aromatic. Influrescence, apparently in whorls, really cymose 
(in verticillasters). lowers, irregular. Calyx and Corolla, 2- 
lipped. Stamens, 4 (didynamous), or, more rarely, 2; posterior 
stamen always absent; epipetalous. Carpels, 2. Ovary, 4-lobed 
and 4-chambered. Placentation and Ovules, one erect ovule in 
each chamber of the ovary. Fruit, as in Boraginaceee (fig. 69, C). 
Exs.—Basil, lavender, mint, marjoram, thyme, sage, rosemary, 
ground ivy, dead nettle, horehound. 
