170 APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 
Order 5.—Primulacez.—Herbs. Leaves, simple, exstipulate. Flowers, 
regular. Floral formula, Ca(5),Co(5) An5,Gn&. Stamens, epi- 
petalous. Placentation, free central. Fruit, a capsule (fig. 69, D). 
Exs.—Primrose, cowslip, polyanthus, auricula, cyclamen, 
scarlet pimpernel. 
Series (2).—Hpigyne. 
Order 1.—Dipsacez.—Herbs. Leaves, opposite, exstipulate. In- 
Jlorescence, a dense head, surrounded by an involucre. Flowers, 
smal} (florets) ; outer ones generally ligulate. Calyx, usually 
reduced to scales or bristles ; surrounded by a cup-like epicalyx. 
Stamens, epipetalous ; quite free from one another. Carpels, 2. 
Style, unbranched. Ovary, with one chamber. /Placentation and 
Ovules, one suspended ovule, ruzt, a cypsela (fig. 69, E). 
Exs,—Teasel, scabious. 
Fig. 69.—Floral Diagrams of: A. Solanacee ; B. Scrophulariaceze (when 4 stamens are 
present, the X indicates position of missing stamen) ; C. Labiate (the arrows point 
to line of division between the carpels, and X indicates position of missing stamen) ; 
D. Primulacee ; E. Dipsacee ; F. Composite; G. Campanulacee. 
Order 2.—Composite.—Herbs, often with milky juice. Leaves, 
usually scattered ; exstipulate. Injlorescence, a dense head, sur- 
rounded by an involucre. Flowers, small (florets) ; outer ones 
often female or neuter. Calyx, when present, reduced to scales 
or hairs (pappus). Stamens, epipetalous, syngenesious. Carpels, 
2. Style, forked. Ovary, with one chamber. Placentation and 
Ovules, one erect ovule. Fruzt, a cypsela (fig. 69, F). 
Exs.— Colt’s-foot, aster, daisy, groundsel, oxeye daisy (mar- 
guerite), chamomile, sunflower, Jerusalem artichoke, 
dahlia, dandelion, lettuce. 
Order 3.—Campanulacee.— Usually herbs, with milky juice. 
Leaves, scattered, exstipulate. Flowers, usually regular, parts 
(except gyncecium) in 5’s. Corolla, bell-shaped. Stamens, often 
