APPENDIX B. 
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. 
§.K.E.=South Kensington Elementary. S.K.A.=South Kensington Advanced. 
These questions are chiefly in Subject xv., Elementary Botany; but some are 
in Subject xvi., Vegetable Morphology and Physiology. 
L.I. = London Intermediate Science. 
Matriculation. 
L.M.=London 
1. Root. 
1. Describe the organs by which a 
bean-plant absorbs water, and give an 
account of the process of absorption. 
1 PR 
2, Describe the structure, and state 
what are the functions, of root-hairs. 
By what means is a root able to absorb 
from the soil substances which are in- 
soluble in water? (S.K.A.) 
3. Whatis the use of aroot? Under 
what circumstances may plants exist 
without one? (S.K.E.) 
4. What is root pressure? At what 
period is it most conspicuous? (S.K. A.) 
5. What is the channel by which 
the leaves of a plant make up for 
the loss of water by transpiration? 
Where does the water come from? 
(S.K.E.) 
6. Explain why the root of a turnip 
first grows faster than the stem, and 
then stops while the stem grows 
rapidly? (S.K.E.) 
7. Describe the way in which roots 
grow. (S.K.E.) 
8. What part of a plant’s food is 
taken up by the roots? (8.K.E.) 
2. Stem. 
g. State the broad facts as to the de- 
velopment of branches. What is the 
difference between a sympodial and 
a monopodial branch system? Give 
illustrations of both cases from the 
British flora. (S.K.A.) 
10. Explain why a potato is con- 
sidered to bea stem. (S.K.E.) 
iz, What is the structural differ- 
ence between a prickle (as in the rose) 
and a spine (as in the blackthorn)? 
(S.K.E.) 
12. What are the principal modifica- 
tions of stem structure? (S.K.A.) 
13. State generally what is the com- 
position of a vascular bundle. De- 
scribe the longitudinal course of the 
vascular bundles in the stem of any 
dicotyledon. (S8.K.E.) 
14. What is the nature of the vas- 
cular bundles of endogens? (S.K.E.) 
15. Explain precisely what are meant 
by the terms ‘‘ pith” and “ medullary 
rays.” How do these structures origi- 
nate? (S.K.E.) 
16. What is the precise nature of 
bast? In what part of the plant is it 
to be met with? (S.K.E.) 
