176 
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. 
4. Inflorescence and Flower. 
47. Give a sketch of the different 
kinds of inflorescence, with examples 
ofeach. (S8.K.A.) 
48. Explain precisely the kinds of 
inflorescence to which the names spike, 
raceme, and panicle are given. Show 
in what respects they differ, and give 
examples from familiar plants. (S.K.E.) 
49. Briefly describe, giving examples, 
the following forms of inflorescence, 
and point out the relation which exists 
between them: spike, spadix, raceme, 
head. (S.K.E.) 
50. Detine raceme, spike, catkin, 
umbel, capitulum, corymb, and panicle, 
and give one or more examples of each. 
(S.K.E. ) 
51. Describe the structure of the 
inflorescence in arum. (S.K.A.) 
52. Describe the structure of the 
flower of any flowering plant. In what 
part of the flower is the seed formed? 
What events must take place before a 
flower ‘‘ goes to seed’’? (S.K.E.) 
53. Describe, with examples, the 
structure of (a.) a hypogynous, (b.) a 
perigynous, and (c.)anepigynous flower. 
(S. K. E. ) 
54. What isa flower? What struc- 
tures compose it, and what are their 
use? (S.K.E.) 
55. Describe the typical arrangement 
of the parts of a flower; how is this 
modified in a leguminous and labiate 
plant, and in an orchid and a grass? 
(S.K.A.) 
56. Describe and compare the struc- 
ture of the staminal and carpellary 
flowers of Pinus. (S.K.A.) 
57. Give an account of the structure 
of the head of a daisy. (S.K.E.) 
58. Describe the structure of the 
floret of a grass, and explain the homo- 
logy of its different parts. (S.K.A.) 
59. What grounds are there for re- 
garding the parts of a flower as modi- 
fied leaf organs? (S.K.A.) 
60. Explain fully the various respects 
in which a petal differs from a leaf. 
(S.K.E.) 
61. Describe the typical form of a 
stamen, and illustrate from British 
plants any remarkable deviations from 
it.. (S.KVA:) 
62. Explain, and illustrate by means 
of examples, the following terms relat- 
ing to the stamens of flowers :—7'etra- 
dynamous, didynamous, diadelphous., 
syngenesious. What is the meaning of 
the statement that the flower of the 
Orchidaceex is gynandrous? (S.K.E.) 
63. Describe the structure of the 
stamen of a flowering plant. What 
bodies are produced by it, and what 
happens to them after they are shed 
on the stigma? (S8.K.E.) 
64. Describe the structure and state 
the uses of anthers. What is the evi- 
dence that a stamen may be regarded 
as a modification of the leaf? (S.K.E.) 
65. Describe in detail the structure 
of an anther and of a pollen grain. 
(S.K.E. ) 
66. What is pollen? What is its use? 
(S.K.E.) 
67. Describe the ordinary structure 
of a grain of pollen, and the change 
which takes place when it is applied 
to the stigma. (S.K.E.) 
68. Describe the pistil of any flower- 
ing plant. What is the nature and 
what is the use of the various parts of 
which it is composed? State briefly 
the changes by which, as in the bean, 
a young pistil is converted into a ‘‘ ripe 
pod.” (S.K.E.) 
69. What is the explanation of the 
origin of the synearpous pistil? Enume- 
rate the families in the British flora in 
which it occurs with a parietal placen- 
tation. (S.K.A.) 
70. What is a placenta? Describe 
the placentation in the Cruciferz, the 
Leguminose, and the Liliacee. (S.K.E. ) 
7t. Explain the use of the stigma, 
and point out the mode in which its 
minute structure is adapted to its use. 
Give illustrations of modifications in 
its form from British plants. (S.K.A.) 
72. Describe the structure and s ate 
the use of ovules. What is necessary 
for the final development of these 
organs? (S.K.E.) 
73. In what points of structure does 
an ovule differ from a seed? (S8.K.E.) 
74. What is a “nectary”? Give 
examples of such a structure amongst 
British plants. (S.K.A.) 
75. What are meant by polygamous 
plants? Give instances. (S.K.A.) 
76. Give illustrations from British 
plants of contrivances to protect the 
floral organs from the attacks of in 
sects. (S.K.A.) 
77. Enumerate the British plants 
which are wind-fertilised, and explain 
in what respects their flowers are 
adapted accordingly. (S.K.A.) 
