INDEX. 
Spinach, 166 
Spindle-shaped, 14, 28 
Spindle-tree, 134 
Spine, 27, 28, 41, 61, 64, 111 
Spiny, 147 
Spiral, 25, 74, 75; 80, 81, 83, 92, I10, 115, 
140, 166; genetic s., 50 
Spirit, 172 
Splitting fruit, 137, 168, 169 
Spontaneity, 11, 12; of root, 19; of stem, 
44-453; Of foliage leaf, 73; of flower, 
131 
Sporangium, 92, 109, 144 
Spore, 92, 109, 114, 1443 S. Case, 109 
Spore-leaf, female (see Carpel; male (see 
Stamen) 
Sporophyll, female (see Carpel; male (see 
Stamen) 
Spotted, 62, go, 122 
Spreading, 85, 88, 118, 123, 124, 157 
Spring, 18, 19, 38, 46, 47, 116 
Spring-clip, 171 
Spring-water, 69 
Spur, 85, 90, 121, 130, 162, 167 
Spurious fruit (see Pseudocarp) 
Spurred, 85, 88, 90 
Square, 23, 30, 52, 156, 169 
Squirting cucumber, 141 
Stage, 171, 173 
Staining, of sections, 172-173 
Stalactite, 6 
Stalk (see Funicle, 
Petiole) 
Stalked, 52, 59, 60, 69, 77, 157 
Stamen, 74, 75; 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92-98, 100, 
- IOI, 103, I10, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, r2T, 
122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 163, 
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170 ; descrip- 
tion of, 158, 162 
Staminode, 07 
Stand, 171 
Standard, 113 
Standard rose, 25 
Starch, 3, 10, 18, 25, 42, 67, 134, 135 
Stellate, 89 
Stem, 21-45; adventitious s., 22; aerial, 
23, 24-25; climbing 8., 25-26, 44, 453 
creeping S., 25, 43 ; description of, 156, 
160; examination questions on, 174- 
175; external form of, 23-27;-kinds 
of, 24-27; length of, 23; modified s., 
27; morphology of, 7, 21-41, 46, 52, 99; 
overground s. (see Aerial s.) ; parasitic 
8., 23; physiology of, 8, 20, 41-45, 67, 
71, 111; primary §s., 13, 21; structure 
of, 29-41, 64, 66, 172; surface of, 28; 
secondary s., 21 (see Branch); subter- 
ranean S., 23, 24, 26-27, 43, 64, 1563 
thickness of, 24; underground s. (see 
Subterranean s.); water s., 23; s. ten- 
dril, 27, 73 
Stereome, 41, 67 
Sticky substances, 28, 41, 46, 61, 64, 107, 
II2, 114, 116, 117, 118, 142 
Stigma, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107, II4, II5, 
116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 
128, 129, 130, 131; description of, 158 
Stimuli, 11, 19, 73 
Stinging hairs, 62, 65, 72, 166 
Stipel, 64 
Stipule, 53, 63-64, 85, 112, 113; description 
of, 157; kinds of, 63-64, 84, 166; sur- 
Pedicel, Peduncle, 
193 
face of, 64; texture, 64; s. spine, 64; 
s. tendril, 64 
Stitchwort, 79, 168 
Stock, 28, 83, 123, 137, 141, 167 
Stolon, 25, 43 
Stoma, -ta, 31, 41, 43, 65, 66, 69, 70, 98, 107 
Stomach, 4, 71 
Stone-crop, 66 
Stone-fruit, 139, 140 
Storage ; of reserve materials, 18, 24, 25, 26, 
42, 64, 67, 134, 142, 173; Of nectar, rer 
Stork’s-bill, r42 
Straight, 108, 134 
Strain, r29 
Strap-shaped, go 
Straw, 23 
Strawberry, 25, 43, 59, 85, 103, 122, 123, 136, 
169 
Streaked, 122 
Streaming, of protoplasm, 11, 44, 71, 72 
Striking, of cuttings, 13 
Structure, 1,8, 83; of root, 14-17; of stem, 
29-41 ; Of foliage leaf, 64-663; of sepal, 
86; of petal, 91; of stamen, 97-98 ; of 
pistil, 107-109 ; of seed, 134-135 
Stumps, 23 
Style, 100, ror, 102, 103, 106, 107, I14, 117, 
123, 124, 126, 127, 170; description of, 
15 
Subclass, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 169 
Subdivision, 162, 163 
Suberin, 40 
Submerged, 6s, 68 
Succulent, 62, 156 
Succulent capsule, 139 
Succulent fruits, 139, 140, 142 
Sucker, 23, 25, 43 
Sugar, 9, 18, 67, 71 
Sulphates, 10, 173 
Sulphur, 5, 1o 
Sulphuric acid, 172, 173 
Sulphur showers, 116 
Summer, 47, 48, ror 
Sun, 55, 67 
Sundew, 61, 73 
Sunflower, 13, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37, 56, 69, 78, 
95, 106, 119, 126, 136, £70 
Sunlight (see Light) 
Superficial, ros 
Superior, 85, tor, 117, 135, 136, 159, 162, 
163, 164 
Superposed, 83, 93, 97, 166, 170 
Support, 17, 24, 25, 41, 44, 45, 66-67, 111 
Suppression, 78, 103, 109, 162 
Surface ; of root, 146; of stem, 28, 156; of 
petiole, 54, 157; of lamina, 62, 157; of 
stipule, 64; ofscale-leaf, 157 ; of calyx, 
86; of corolla, 91; of ovary, 104 
Suspended, 106 
Suture (see Ventral suture) 
Sweet-briar, 62 
Sweet-chestnut (see Chestnut) 
Sweet-pea (see Pea) 
Swollen, 85 
Sycamore, 55, 142 
Symmetry, 158; bilateral s., 52, 55, 80, 85, 
86, 87, 106; radial s., 52, 55, 66, 80, 81, 
86, 87, 105 
Sympodium, 24, 27, 48, 79, 80 
Synantherous (see Syngenesious) 
Syncarpous, 100, ror, 102, 103, 105, 107, I17, 
124,135, 136, 164, 165, 166,167,168 169,170 
N 
