176 Psyche [August 



sfiecimens of the typical F. fusca, while the other, represented 

 by four workers, is undoubtedly our common North American 

 F. (Proformica) neogagates Emery subsp. lasioides Emery, or 

 rather a slightly darker foi'm approaching the var. vetula Wheeler. 

 It seems probable that both these Formicas reached Dumaguete 

 (lat. 9° 30' N.) from the United States, in merchandise imported 

 for the Silliman Institute, at which Dr. Chapman and several 

 other Americans are teaching. 



The actual occurrence of Formica species among the tropical 

 ant fauna is of interest in connection with the composition of 

 certain fossil faunas like that of the Baltic Amber, which is of 

 Lower Oligocene Tertiary age. This fauna consisted to a con- 

 siderable extent of tropical genera like Tetraponera, Iridomyrmex, 

 Oecophylla, Dimorphomyrmex, Gesomyrmex, Pseudolasius, etc., 

 but, as I have shown (1914), it also comprised several species of 

 P'ormica and notably one, F. flori Mayr, which is very closely 

 related to the existing F. fusca. It seemed to me that in the 

 ancient Samland these Formicas must have lived at a greater 

 elevation than the tropical genera, but the existence of For- 

 micas at sea-level in the Philippines seems to indicate that even 

 during lower Oligocene times what is now a north temperate 

 ant-genus may have shared the same habitat as the various 

 tropical forms. 



Literature. 



1903 Bingham, C. T. On the Hymenoptera collected by W. L. 

 Distant in the Transvaal, South Africa, with Descriptions 

 of Supposed New Species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 

 12, 1903, pp. 46-69. 



1909. Emery, C. Beitrage zur Monographic der Formiciden des 

 paliiarktischen Faunengebietes VII. Deutsch. Ent. 

 Zeitschr. 1909, pp. 179-204. 



1906. Fo7^el, A. Les Fourmis de LTIimalaya. Bull. Soc. Vaud. 

 Sc. Nat. (5) 42, 1906, pp. 79-94. 



1910. Forel, A. Glanures Myrmecologiques. Ann. Soc. Ent. 

 Belg. 54, 1910, pp. 6-32. 



