Revision of the Genus Erebia, 173 
In the Ural again we have but 5 species, one or two of 
which are Asiatic, whereas several European ones which 
occur in the Altai mountains are unknown. But when we 
come to the great mountain ranges of Turkestan and 
Southern Siberia, we at once meet with a number of new 
forms, most of which are by their outward appearance, as 
well as by their clasp-forms, distantly related to the species 
of the European Alps. 
In the Western Altai, from the little we know, the 
majority of the Lepidoptera appear to be of European 
character; but southwards in the great Thianshan range 
and in Turkestan, especially in the Pamir and Hindu-kush 
ranges, we have a group which seems more nearly allied 
to the Himalayan and Chinese genus Callerebia, some of 
which have been separated by Moore under the generic 
name of Paralasa. Iam not yet prepared to say how far 
generic division can be properly carried, but if Paralasa 
proves, as I anticipate, to be a good genus we shall probably 
have to include in it not only mani with its forms jordana 
and voxane, but also HL. parmenio, myops, maracandica, 
radians, kalmuka, hades, and tristis, all of which have a differ- 
ently formed hindwing and a venation differing slightly from 
- the European Erebias, One may say that the European 
species as a rule form a very homogeneous genus but that 
the Asiatic ones do not; and if the subdivision of the 
genus is commenced, I believe that logically we should 
have to separate some other Asiatic and American species 
which I have now included. In the mountains of Trans- 
baikalia and in the mountains which divide Central 
Siberia from Mongolia, at present very little explored, we 
seem to have a third centre of distribution, no less than 18 
species being known to occur therein. Some of these, 
such as HL. kefersteini, medusa, ligea and tyndarus, are 
European or very nearly allied to European torms, others, 
such as EL. parmenio, cyclopius, dabanensis and theano with 
its forms, are typically Asiatic; and some, such as £. rossi, 
edda, and erinna, are Arctic and N.-W. American in their 
affinity, so far as I can judge from the very slight 
knowledge of them which I possess. In Tibet we have 
but one species, H. alemene, which is of European 
type, the few others which occur there being Callerebias ; 
and in Japan only #. sedakovi, which is also found in 
Amurland. 
This shows that the genus Hrebia is characteristic of the 
