190 Mr. H. J. Elwes’s 
this insect is not confirmed by an examination of the 
genitalia, which show epipsodea to be quite distinct. 
The varieties wralensis and polaris, which have also been 
separated, prove to be without doubt only well-marked 
forms of medusa. Though wralensis on its underside 
resembles epipsodea much more than medusa, the form of 
its clasp is that of medusa. Several specimens from the 
province of Irkutsk in Siberia sent to me by M. Alphéraky 
are intermediate between Scandinavian polaris and Alpine 
medusa, the males being like medusa and the females 
nearer to polaris. 
Erebia eme, var. spodia, Stgr. 
This form, which on the upper side resembles medusa 
more than typical wme, and of which the larva is said by 
Ruhl to be like that of medusa, proves to be rightly placed 
as a variety of wme, which it represents in the Alps of 
Salzburg and Styria. Struve records this form from the Port 
de la Picade in the Pyrenees, but all those I have taken 
and seen in the Pyrenees at Luchon and Cauterets are 
typical wme with the ocelli not more developed than in 
the Alps. 
Lrebia hippomedusa. 
This is a small form which occurs in the S.E. Alps and 
is very difficult to distinguish from spodia. Whether, as 
Staudinger thinks, it is a form of wme rather than of 
medusa I have not sufficient evidence or material to decide, 
but at Trafoi it seems to occur as a variety and not as an 
aberration, which many of the so-called hippomedusa in 
collections seem to be. 
Erelia epipsodea. 
Since I wrote last I have collected epipsodea myself in 
many places. It seems to be a most wide-ranging species 
and as much at home in the open prairies at 2—3,000 ft. 
elevation as on the high alps of Colorado and the Northern 
Rockies. It is a very variable species, and I now think 
that what I called var. brucei must be looked on rather as 
an aberration occurring rarely in various localities than as 
a local alpine variety, as I formerly supposed. Anyhow, 
