Revision of the Genus Erebia. 197 
ocelli; often in the male and almost always in the female 
pupilled with white. 
On the male below the fulvous band is usually well 
marked on the forewing but faint and indefinite on the 
hindwing, and is bounded on the inside by a white streak, 
broadest and most distinct on the costa and often extended 
in a broken irregular line about half across the wing. 
This streak will always distinguish the males of typical 
ligea from typical ewryale, in which it is either absent or 
faint and irregular. In ligea @ there is usually a broad 
yellowish band on the hindwing below showing distinct 
ocelli; and sometimes the base of the wing is also fulvous. 
Often the band is greyish and then the base is also greyish, 
sometimes the band is absent and then the sexes are 
almost similar. 
In the Carpathians, Balkan peninsula and Ural Moun- 
tains both species are said to occur, but I have seen only 
ligea. 
From the Caucasus neither is recorded. In the Altai 
typical ligea is found, but some specimens from Dahuria 
which equal or exceed /igea in size seem to be a variety of 
euryale, 
_ Ajanensis of Ménétries, which is common in Eastern 
Siberia in the Vitim district, the Venta mountains and 
along the Amur to its mouth, is inseparable from ligea 
though the fulvous bands are somewhat lighter in colour 
and the white streak below is more extended. I have seen 
as yet no example from North-West America which can be 
referred to /igea, but expect it to occur in Northern British 
Columbia or Alaska. 
Huryale is even more variable than te and is typically 
a smaller and more alpine butterfly. In the Pyrenees and 
Alps it is common and occurs from about 3,000 to 6,000 
or 7,000 feet. It also occurs in the Isergebirge of Silesia, 
where a variety with distinct bands and ocelli on the 
hindwing seems to be pretty constant. 
In the Alps the bands and ocelli above are sometimes 
faint or nearly absent and in the male the hindwing below 
has often no rufous band and no trace of white, and the 
ocelli are often faint or absent. In the Dolomite region, 
especially at Heiligenblut, occurs a variety, ocellaris, 
Stgr.; this is fairly constant, and is well marked above by 
the absence of the rufous band, which is replaced by small 
