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XIII. A Review of the Genus Erebia, based on an 
Examination of the Male Appendages. By THOMAS 
ALGERNON CHAPMAN, M.D., F.ES. 
[Read February 16th, 1898.] 
PLATES V-=AcVia; 
THE Erebias have a certain fascination for many of us, 
not only because they have a very real interest of their 
own, but because of their association in memory with 
those excursions amongst the mountains, which we regard 
with good reason as the most genuine form of holiday and 
recreation. 
Though myself under this influence for many years, it 
was only recently that I determined to make some en- 
deavour really to understand the various puzzling ques- 
tions as to the limits of specific forms within the genus, 
questions upon which no very certain sound emanated 
from any of our authorities. I hoped also to learn some- 
thing of the mutual relationships of distinct species, inas- 
much as all published lists appear to me to mix up species 
of different affinities without any obvious method of 
rational or other classification. 
With this object I especially determined to examine 
the male appendages of all forms that had any claim to 
specific distinction. I had got well on the way when I 
found that Mr. Elwes had undertaken a fresh revision of 
the genus and was making a similar examination of these 
special structures. Since then, we have in some degree 
divided the work and compared our results, to such effect, 
that I believe there is no point of any moment, if indeed 
any at all, as to which we arrive at different conclusions, 
though we may vary a little as to our method of present- 
ing them. 
I have left to Mr. Elwes all questions of bibliography, 
nomenclature, description, geographical distribution, &c. 
for which I am but poorly equipped, and in fact all ques- 
tions except those arising out of the forms of the male 
appendages. These questions I have more particularly 
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1598.—PART III. (SEPT.) 15 
