( x ) 
specimen being seen. Some of the species are occasionally 
taken at light, and several of them feign death when roughly 
disturbed. The species have therefore to be bred ; and this 
is not a very easy matter, for, as a rule, the larve are very 
restless and wander about, although some will stay in their 
burrows after the branch has been cut down, and will feed 
upon leaves placed near. C. rubescens is particularly difficult 
to deal with. It is therefore necessary to collect the insects 
in the pupal state, when they are not easy to find, owing to 
their having destroyed the conspicuous mantle before sealing 
up the burrow. The system found most successful is to locate 
the larve, and in October, after they have pupated, to cut 
down the branches containing the burrows. 
“The larve must always leave their burrows at night when 
in quest of food, and seem to wander about a good deal, for 
quite a network of silken threads may be noticed along the 
branches which they traverse. Asa rule they crawl up the 
branch in which they reside, though the threads may some- 
times be noticed upon a different branch. They have been 
observed at night biting off the leaves and returning with 
them to their burrow (which generally is only excavated to 
the length of the larva), retiring tail first and securing the 
leaf to the web, which masks the entrance of the burrow. 
When the leaves become too dry, they are evidently cast off 
by most of the species, but the webs of Z. nigricincta often 
have a dozen or more fragments attached to them. The bark 
around and under the protective covering is eaten to the wood, 
and kept clean of the exuding gum by a spreading of silk. 
Most of the species of the family do this; if they did not, the 
hole and surrounding space would be covered with gum and 
the pupa would be suffocated. Sometimes the gum escapes 
and, breaking down this protective barrier, does occasion the 
death of the pupa by suffocation. A clear smooth space is 
therefore kept under, above, and on each side of the web, ex- 
tending under the outside bark. Upon the approach of pupa- 
tion the web immediately in front of the entrance to the 
tunnel is torn away, and the hole itself is closed with a stiff 
parchment-like plug or operculum. The protective mantle 
which masks the entrance to the burrow is sometimes securely 
