ae) 
species. His published entomological papers began in 1879, 
and appeared mainly in the “ Transactions of the New Zealand 
Institute.” In 1887 he published “ An Account of the In- 
sects noxious to Agriculture and Plants in New Zealand. 
The Scale insects (Coccide),” a work of considerable utility 
and value. His researches on this family of insects have 
materially contributed to the great development of know- 
ledge of the distribution and economy of Scale insects which 
has taken place during the last fifteen years. 
Jutes Micneaux, the well-known French entomological 
artist; Dr. Josep ALBERT LinTNER, State Entomologist for 
New York, and one of the leading American economic entomo- 
logists ; Martian JEAN Maurice Nova.uisr, a capable hemi- 
pterist, specially interested in the Hydrocores, and Prof. 
Mariano DE LA Paz GRaiLLs, one of the leading Spanish 
entomologists, have also died during 1898. 
SEASONAL DIMORPHISM IN LEPIDOPTERA. 
I wave thought this to be a suitable subject for my 
Address, because it is not only of high interest as a remark 
able phase of Variation, but has also of late years been 
brought prominently to notice by the researches of two 
groups of entomological observers ; firstly, those who, like 
the pioneers, G. Dorfmeister, W. H. Edwards and August 
Weismann, have experimentally studied the effects of high 
and low temperatures artificially applied to lepidopterous 
pupz of European or North American species ; and secondly, 
those who have noted the seasonal changes in butterflies 
occurring naturally in various tropical and subtropical regions, 
and have in some cases reared one seasonal form of a species 
from ova deposited by the other. The earlier temperature 
experiments in Europe and North America were long in 
advance of the observations on seasonal dimorphism in 
tropical countries, the latter indeed being the natural out- 
come of the former. It may prove not uninteresting if I 
briefly pass under review the published memoirs relating to 
both sets of observations, but, as regards the temperatwe 
E 2 
