THE CEPHALOPODA 291 
In addition to the foot proper, whose edges constitute the circum- 
oral appendages, the Cephalopoda possess an epipodium which is well 
developed, but highly specialised to form a funnel. The epipodial 
nature of the funnel may be specially well seen in young embryos 
(Figs. 257, fu; 119, D, fw), in which this organ is situated laterally 
and posteriorly, between the mantle and the foot. Primitively the 
funnel has the form of two symmetrical lateral lobes, which simply 
incline towards one another and overlap in Nautilus (Fig. 276). 
In the Dibranchia, however, these two lobes become fused together 
during development (Fig. 290, (9) g) and form a complete tube 
projecting beyond the pallial cavity (Figs. 253 and 258, etc., fu). 
Through this tube the excrements, the secretion of the ink-sac, and 
the generative products are ejected. The interior of the funnel 
is generally provided with a larger 
or smaller valve, attached to its 
anterior or dorsal face; as, for 
instance, in the Nautilidae (Fig. 
276, b) and the majority of the 
Decapoda (Fig. 259, fu); but this 
structure is absent in Leachia 
among the Oigopsida and in the 
Octopoda. In addition, the in- 
Fira. 257. 
Young embryo of Sepia officinalis, 
viewed from the dorsal side. a, anus ; Fic. 258. 
e, eye; fu. funnel; gi, gill; m, mouth ; Grimalditeuthis richardi, ventral as- 
ot, otocyst ; pa, mantle and shell; 2, pect. a, arms; ¢, left eye; fi’, anterior 
vitellus; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, arms. (After fin ; ji’, posterior fin ; fu, funnel. (After 
Kolliker. ) Joubin.) 
ternal wall of the funnel is furnished with an epithelial outgrowth 
of variable form, constituting a mucous gland called Miiller’s 
organ. 
Powerful muscular bundles, originating from the cephalopedal 
mass and from the sides of the funnel, unite together and are inserted 
symmetrically on the sides of the shell (Fig. 272, m). In Nautilus 
they are inserted on the interior of the shell, in the Dibranchia on 
its external surface, in Spirwla on the margins of the last chamber. 
