PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF MALTA. 317 



occurs in the vernal broods of the male as an occasional aberration, 

 but all the summer (June onwards) examples are referable to this form. 

 Substituting the name rufina, Oberth., for cdina, the same remarks 

 apply to the female also, and (at least in the case of these Maltese 

 specimens) it seems to me that we have two names for the two sexes 

 of the same emergence, and that they should both be united under the 

 name celina. 



512. Chri/sophanus {Volyomwatus) phlceas, Linn. — Abundant, and 

 occurs throughout the year, though of course only occasional examples 

 are to be met with in the winter months. Early spring specimens are 

 typical, but the hind wings beneath are generally greyer than in the 

 North European form. Those found from May onwards are referable 

 to gen. jEst. eleus, Fb. 



45. Pieris brassiciv, Linn. Maltese name, farfett tal cromh; Italian, 

 f/rande cavolaia. — Abundant all over the island. The larvje infest the 

 cabbage-fields and do great damage, so that the country-people, before 

 cutting the plants, find it necessary to examine them several times one by 

 one. Occasional specimens are to be seen on the wing on warm days 

 throughout the three winter months, but the first week in March is the 

 usual time of emergence of the spring brood. A second brood appears in 

 May, a third in July, and probably a fourth in September. Mathew 

 states that " the females of the early autumn brood have the tip of 

 their anterior wings broadly black, and the black spots are much 

 larger than in those of the earlier broods." All my specimens are 

 quite normal, and exhibit no seasonal variation. 



48. P.rap(e,lAYin. Maltese name, fa rfett tal crovib z(/hair; Itcdmn, 

 rapaiuola. — Abundant throughout the year. The first brood emerges 

 in the middle of February, the second m the middle of May ; there is 

 a third in July, and a fourth (perhaps partial) in September and 

 October. Specnnens of the first brood are similar to our English 

 spring examples (var. mctra, Stepli.), and those of the May brood are the 

 same as our own August specimens {rapa;, Linn.). But Maltese speci- 

 mens taken in July and August have very dark tips to the wings (var. 

 uiessanensis. Zell.), and some of the females of the autumnal brood are 

 of a deep olive-yellow. 



57. Pontin [Pieris) daplidicr, Linn. — Common in uncultivated places 

 from March to November. 



113. Enrymus (Colias) croceus, Fourcroy (i^>. crfi/sa, Auct.). Maltese 

 name, zoljina. — Common throughout the year. Freshly-emerged 

 specimens are to be found in March and April, and again in June. 

 Vars. hclice, Hb., and helicina, Oberth., occasionally occur with the 

 type ; as also do var. vduur, Costa, and ab. fem. ohsoleta, Tutt. 



124. Colias (Rhodocera, (joiit'pteri/x) rhainni, Linn. — "Prof. Gulia 

 says that this species is common in gardens, together with R. cleo- 

 patra ; on the contrary, it is very rare, and I have only seen it in the 

 collection of Mr. Briflfa, who took it in spring-time in the Hastings' 

 garden in Valletta, and he saw another flying over the terrace on 

 March 16th ; and on the same day another of the same species was 

 seen near Pembroke Camp by Mr. Phillip {sic .') de la Garde " (Alfred 

 Caruana-Gatto in Medn. Naturalist, vol. i. p. 87). " Of the seventeen 

 butterflies known to inhabit Malta .... between March and May .... 

 I have seen (jfo}i. r/ianmi .... leaving unaccounted for (J. clenputra " 



