198 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



a statement which clearly mdicates the absence of the white- 

 pupilled form in the Yosges, and crystallises the opinions of 

 contemporary entomologists that Epijjhron and Cassiope are 

 forms of one and the same species. 



With regard to the occurrence of Cassiope in the Vosges 

 Cantener adds in a note {loc. cit., p. 136) : 



" M. le professeur Schreiner est le premier, a ma connaissance, 

 qui ait rencontre cette espece dans nos montaignes. Depuis lors 

 M. Darbas amateur zele . . , I'a vu voler par milliers sur le 

 Brezouar." 



Meanwhile, Cassiope, Fabr., has been established as an 

 English species quite dissociated from Epiphron, Knoch, and 

 is duly figured and described by James Francis Stephens in 

 his 'Illustrations of British Entomology, Haustellata,' 1829, and 

 included in his ' Systematic Catalogue of the British Insects ' 

 of the same year, to which publications I shall refer more fully 

 in that part of this paper devoted to the historj' of the butterfly 

 in the United Kingdom. 



Cassiope {sic) appears alone in the first account of the 

 Silesian Erehias in the ' Syst. Verz, der Schmett. Schlesiens,' 

 parts i, ii, by A. Neustadt and E. von Kornatzki, published at 

 Breslau in 1842, with rough lithographic illustrations by A. 

 Assmann. According to the legend, it is figured on the 

 supplementary plate 41, and numbered 126 4 a and 4 b, with 

 a further reference to plate 16, fig. 51, the preceding figure 

 in that case being one of E. melampiis. I cannot discover any 

 description in the text of Assmann's Cassiope, which represents 

 a small black Erebia yivith. continuous bright yellow black-spotted 

 bands on the fore wings, and an unbroken series of similar 

 yellow-ringed black spots on the hind wings. The figures 

 (upper and underside) are of males, but I have never seen 

 examples of Epiphron or Cassiope the least resembling them 

 in coloration. In the catalogue index of the work, p. vi, we 

 are told that the species (Cassiope) occurs in July in the wooded 

 marsh-region of the mountains. " Hitherto found only in the 

 Altvater by Prof. Latzner and his pupils," thus extending the 

 then known range of the species considerably eastwards. 



Finally, Duponchel places Epipliron as a doubtful variety 

 of Cassiope in his 'Catalogue Methodique des Lepidopteres 

 d'Europe,' Paris, 1844, where even the locality is changed, the 

 Black Forest now taking the place of the Harz and the Vosges : 



Cassiope, F., H., 0., G., B. . Alpes . Juillet. 



ErijMle, F. 



Var. Nelamus (presque aveugle) Alpes du Dauphine. 



Var. Mnemon, Haworth . . Kcosse. 



Var. ? Epiphron, F. . . . Foret Noire. 



Janthe, H., 202. 



