224 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



and uninterrupted and very distinct from the ground-colour. 

 Localities : The Mayenwand and the southern slopes of the high 

 Valaisian Alps, from 1700-2000 m. ; at the Pierrevoir-sur-Bagnes 

 and on the Simplon." 



The var. Bernensis he places very near to var. Nelanius, 

 Boisduval, and this being so there is no particular reason to 

 retain the name, which, after all, is misleading as an index to 

 the distribution of this form. 



With regard to Meyer-Dur's var. Epiphron he concluded — 

 " The chief localities are on the Oberharz, and between Heinrich- 

 shohe, the Kehberge and the Rammelsberge near Goslar, in 

 the Bodethal, and at Oderterche." 



Reverting to our chronological review, the next authority of 

 any weight is Julius Lederer, who maintains Cassiope, Fabr., as 

 the type (' Verhandlungen des zool.-bot. Vereins in Wieu,' -Jahrg. 

 1852, p. 23), as hereunder : 



Cassiope, Fabr., H.-Sch., 535, 538. 

 v. Nelamus, B. 



V. Epiphron, Knoch, H.-Scb., 92-94, Freyer, 554. 

 Egea, Bkh., Freyer, 567. 



Evidently he also was unaware that Knoch had fixed the type 

 form prior to Fabricius, but at all events he abandons the theory 

 of their being separate species. "Epiphron," he says, "I 

 consider to be only a variety of Cassiope ; the angle of the hind 

 wings is more or less decided in very pronounced examples of the 

 latter also, and the larger eyes and livelier red in so variable a 

 species as Cassiope are not sufficient to establish it as a separate 

 species." 



Lederer is the first, moreover, to describe the var. Pyrenaica, 

 HS. (' Pap. Europ.,' tab. cxi, figs. 535-538, Cassiope-Pyrenaica) , 

 for the author, though he published the figures — and very beauti- 

 ful and true they are — apparently did not append an account of 

 the Pyrenean form. 



Of this variety Lederer says : 



" Upper side with somewhat larger eyes ; we have a closely 

 corresponding form in the Styrian mountains." " Nelajuus, B., 

 from Mont Dore in Auvergne, has on the upper side very little, on 

 the hind wings sometimes no red ; on the underside the eyes are 

 feebly marked or very nearly extinct." 



However, in their treatise on the geographical distribution of 

 the German and Swiss Lepidoptera (Leipzig, 1858), Dr. Adolf 

 and Herr August Speyer adopt the correct method, treating 

 Epiphron as the specific name for all the varieties and forms 

 found in the Harz, Altvater, Vosges, Central Alps, the Banat of 

 Hungary, and Britain, while drawing attention to the remarkable 

 failure of the species in the .Jura and the Black Forest (Th. 1, 



