ENTOMOLOGY IN THE HOLY LAND. 225 



pp. 195-196). A further note on the subject, included on p. 454 

 {op. cit.), is as follows : 



" Since it has been proved by the establishment of a complete 

 transitional series that the Epipliron of the Harz and the local 

 varieties of the Alps are one and the same species, it follows that the 

 previously acknowledged name Epiphron, Knoch, should be restored 

 and should be made to apply at the same time to the highest 

 developed form observed. 



" Cassiopc from the Altvater mountains should be classified as 

 midway between the Harz and the Alps form, and in the Alps also 

 the intermediate form, which has been described, and the development 

 traced by Meyer-Dilr is not wanting." 



(To be continued.) 



ENTOMOLOGY IN THE HOLY LAND. 

 By Capt. p. J. Barr.\ud, F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



(Continued from jj. 173.) 



Lepidoptera, Ehopalocera, 



The butterfly season commences in January with the earliest 

 examples of Doritis appolinus and Euchloe helemia, gen. vern. 

 Specimens of these were seen on Mount Carmel on the 4th of 

 that month. Both species have a wide distribution in Palestine, 

 chiefly along the mountain ranges, and extend to the highest 

 summits (about 3000 ft.). 



D. appolinus was seen in many localities, from Nazareth 

 nearly as far south as Beersheba, and was on the wing until 

 well into April. 



E. helemia has a second emergence (gen. oest. glance), com- 

 mencing about April, and is seen everywhere. 



Another universal species is Colias ecliisa, occurring all the 

 year round, except during the worst part of the wet season. 



Butterfly hunting on Mount Carmel in early spring is a 

 never-to-be-forgotten experience. Quantities of large bright red 

 Anemone coronaria. yellow and white Narcissi, and dwarf Iris 

 of several colours fill every cranny amongst the tumbled masses 

 of limestone. In the distance the deep blue of the Mediterranean 

 Sea completes a picture of wonderful beauty. 



In the late summer and autumn of last year, when the 

 malaria season was at its height, I was unable, owing to pressure 

 of work, to give any time to insects other than mosquitoes. This 

 was unfortunate, as my district then extended from Egypt to 

 Oilicia, and from the Mediterranean to the Euphrates. Now, 

 owing to political changes, it is much reduced. 



I find that one of the first butterflies mentioned in my notes 



