244 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the accompanying synopsis, omitting the greater part of the 

 synonyms and references given by Staudinger, we find our subject 

 treated as follows : 



1. 1. e2nphron,Knoch. . . Hartz, Siles., Blk. Forest, Vosges. 



Y&Tc.j^yrenaica, H.-S. (inconstans, nomen vix con- 



servandum, transitus ad cassiopem in partem). Pyr. or. 



Var. cassiope, Fab., etc. (inconstans, formge inter- 

 mediae adsunt). . . Alps, Pyr., Hung, mont, Scot. 



Ah. nelarmis, Boisd. (ab. vix fasciata et fere 

 ocellata). 



? Var. kefersteini, Ev. (forma dubia mihi natura 



ignota). ...... Sib. cent. mont. 



and nine years later, in the same author's ' Revision of the 

 Genus Erehia,' this arrangement is repeated with the proper 

 omission oi Kef ersteini ('Trans. Ent. Soc. London,' 1898, p. 174). 



It will be observed that Mr. Elwes is disinclined even to 

 separate Cassiope from the type, for he continues {lac. cit., 1889, 

 p. 332) — '^ E. epiphron : After examining a very large number of 

 specimens, I can only say that, though the form Cassiope, which 

 represents the species in the Alps," meaning thereby, I conjecture, 

 the Central Alps, " is very different in typical examples from 

 Epiphroji of the Hartz mountains and Silesia, yet it is so variable 

 that in the Pyrenees especially and also in Scotland it cannot 

 be looked upon as constant. The varieties Vogesiaca * and 

 Pyrenaica connect it with Epiphron, and the form Nelawus is an 

 extreme variety or aberration in which the ocelli have almost or 

 entirely disappeared. In the Balkans and Carpathians, from 

 whence, however, I have seen but few specimens, the type is 

 rather of Epiphron than Cassiope. 



The volume of Barrett's ' Lepidoptera of the British Islands,' 

 which contains the butterflies, bears date 1893. Erehia epi- 

 phron from Scotland is figured side by side with Cassiope on 

 Plate xxix, figs. 1, la and Ih, but it is clear from the text (p. 210) 

 that Barratt was not acquainted with Knoch's typical female in 

 nature : 



" In the form originally described under the name of Epiphron,'" 

 he writes, " the black dots are enlarged, and commonly contain white 

 centres or pupils. ... I am not familiar with this form, but 

 Dr. Buchanan White states that specimens from Perthshire possess 

 this character in the female. This certainly is not universal even in 

 that district* since in a long series ... I find no trace of the 

 white centres to the black spots in either sex." 



In 1895 Mr. Edward Meyrick, F.E.S., in his 'Handbook of 



* Mr. Elwes appears to have invented this name for the specimens in the 

 British Museum Collection from the Vosges. They were at one time distinguished 

 by a label bearing the legend Vofjesiaca, Christ, but this name of Christ's having 

 been bestowed on the Vosges form of Manto, it was afterwards removed at my 

 suggestion to its proper place under that species. 



