SOME NOTES ON REARING EREBIA EPIPHRON. 63 
whole of the abdomen; it is slightly lighter on the sides, and 
reaches its deepest shade along the dorsal and ventral abdominal 
lines ; beyond this there is no further change in the pupa. 
October 3rd, midnight: The colour of the abdomen through- 
out is now as deep as, and similar to, that of the thorax, and 
the ventral and dorsal abdominal lines are now unnoticeable. 
Between this last observation and the date of emergence 
there was no appreciable difference in the appearance of the pupa. 
To sum up the appearance of the pupa: at this stage the 
wings are of a dark brown colour, with the markings on the 
fore wings showing clearly through the pupal casing; the thorax 
and abdomen are of a different shade, tending more towards a 
dark sepia shade, or wood-louse colour. The two different 
shades (that of the wings and that of the thorax and abdomen) 
are reached, as I have shown in the above notes, through two 
different processes. In the former the brown is evolved through 
a fading of the green to cream, then cream to buff, and finally 
bluff to brown; but the dark coloration of the thorax and 
abdomen is attained in a different way; in these parts the first 
change consists of a faint dark shading (almost suggesting de- 
composition of the subjacent area) showing through the green; 
this shading, absorbing all the green colour, gradually gains in 
intensity and opacity until it reaches a dark sepia or wood-louse 
colour. The colour of that part of the pupa occupied by the 
mouth-parts, legs, etc., isa blackish brown. ‘The eyes, which are 
the first part of the pupa to show any signs of darkening, are a 
this stage, with the exception of the antenne, lighter in colour 
than any other part of the pupa. In the mature pupa there is a 
very faint suggestion of a whitish powdering, more noticeable 
about the interstices of the abdominal segments. 
I noticed the first change in the appearance of No. 2 pupa— 
the fading of the wings and the darkening of the eyes—on 
September 23rd, five days before emergence, which is identical 
with that of No. 4 pupa. I did not take any notes regarding the 
pupal changes in No. 1 pupa, but I have the impression that the 
change and emergence covered much less time than was occupied 
by the other two pups, and as the first pupa remained only nine 
days in the pupal state, which is probably nearer the normal 
period, it is likely that this impression is correct. 
With regard to the time of emergence, the first two insects 
emerged between 11 and 12 a.m., and the third emerged some 
time before 10 a.m. 
