THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Von. ov. LIV:] feo Vaan, “No. 698 
COLIAS EDUSA, FAB. (CROCEUS, FOURC.): 
ITS SEASONAL FORMS, VARIETIES AND ABERRATIONS. 
- By H. Rowianp-Brown, M.A., E.E.S. 
(Continued from p. 140.) 
Dr. Rocci* distinguishes the late autumn Ligurian form from 
that of the vernalis form proper. ‘The colour is deep yellow, 
without the greenish and pallid tint of vernalis (spring form). 
Marginal black bands broad, and of the deep black of the summer 
form, but less frequently invaded, in the males, by the yellow 
nervures. In the female the yellow blotches encroach upon the 
marginal border; they are a little larger, always well defined and 
complete, the black discoidal spot large and round. The normal 
flight of autwmnalis is from the end of October to the middle 
of November in Liguria, some individuals surviving the winter 
in mild seasons, and eventually mixing with the true spring 
emergence. 
Dr. Rocci further states that the Hdusa of Piedmont in its 
successive emergences does not present as distinct characters as 
that of Liguria, and the gen. autumn. is exceptional. The alpine 
(single-brooded) form partakes rather of the gen. vern. character 
than of the gen. est. of the plain. 
While complete pale forms of the female (= Helice, Hb., and 
Pallida, Tutt) occur with (ii) and (iii), there is not yet sufficient 
evidence to establish a normal occurrence with (i), at least in 
the North Mediterranean region. 
Dr. Verity now informs me that Herr Stauder’s var. Medi- 
terranea (‘Boll. Soc. Adriat.,’ xxvii, pp. 105, etc., 1918) is identical 
with his own vernalis; the name therefore falls to it. Fritsche 
(‘Zur Phenologie von Colias crocea, Fourc. [= Edusa, F'.] nebst 
ab. Micans,” ‘Iris,’ vol. xxxix, pp. 40-45) mentions a February— 
March emergence distinguished from the type by its size, and 
constituting a so-called seasonal form throughout the area of 
distribution (Trieste ?). Probably also Failla’s ab. minor (¢ 33- 
944 mm.) may be included in vernalis, though small examples 
of both sexes are taken in all generations, and in some localities 
are consistent forms, as will be seen in my further remarks on 
ab. minor and var. Pyrenaica. 
* “ Osservazioni sui Lepidotteri di Liguria,” Pieridw, 2a Parte, ‘Att. Soc. 
Ligustica Sci. Nat. e Geog.,’ Anno xxx, N. 4, 1920. 
ENTOM.—JULY, 1921. oO 
