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218 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Notes on Pupation oF NonaGria TyPH®.—During autumn I 
generally collect many pupz of Nonagria typhe, Esp., and perhaps 
two occurrences which came under my notice in 1920 may be of 
interest. Up to the autumn of that year I always imagined that 
this moth emerged from a pupa which lay in the bulrush with its 
head pointing downwards, and that the hole from which in due 
course the moth would emerge was beneath the pupa and entirely 
open when the outside leaves were stripped away. Amongst several 
pup taken in the Churnet Valley in the autumn of 1920 was one- 
which had pupated head upwards with the emergence hole con- 
sequently above it. Another curious fact was that the hole itself 
was not gnawed through the reed-stem, but covering it was the 
outer skin of the stem, resembling somewhat the mode of pupation 
of N. geminipuncta, Hatch. The resulting moth was a typical 
N. typhe, although it did not emerge until October 31st, a fortnight 
later than the last of my other pupe taken at the same time. 
Another occurrence of interest was that of two N. typhe pupe which 
were found in the same stem. In this case the larve had both 
pupated normally with their heads pointing downwards and within 
an inch of each other. The path of the upper pupa was completely 
obstructed by the pupa below, and it is difficult to see how the moth 
of the former could have got away from the stem had the lower 
pupa still been intact. The process of emergence would have been 
a very difficult matter in the wild state in any case, and had I not 
removed most of the pupze from the rushes possibly the occurrence 
would have been undetected.—THomas Smitn ; Whiston Eaves, 
Froghall, Staffordshire. 
SEconD Broop or Nisontapes (THANOAS) TAGES.—While at 
Swanage, Dorset, on July 20th and 24th, I captured two male 
specimens of Thanoas tages, and again on August 9th at Hockley, 
Essex, I took another male example in good condition. All three 
specimens are more distinctly spotted with cream colour than any of 
those of the normal spring brood in my series. The submarginal 
row of cream spots in both the fore and hind wings are very 
conspicuous, giving the specimens a banded effect. The whole 
colouring has a more ochreous appearance. A second emergence of 
this species is quite exceptional, and due to unusually fine warm 
summers as that of 1893 and the present season—TF. W. FRowAwkK; © 
August, 1921. 
NISONIADES TAGES, Linn—On July 26th last I saw a Dingy 
Skipper in the New Forest. As I examined it at close quarters it 
seemed to be in good condition, and I havé no doubt it belonged to a 
second brood.—W. J. Lucas. 
EMERGENCE OF HEsPERIA MALV#.—With reference to the above 
(antea, p. 195), I am surprised that over such a long period of years 
Mr. Raynor did not come across a specimen earlier than May Sth. 
I have not kept records, but the specimens in my cabinet are dated 
April 27th and 28th, 1912, May 18th and 25th,.1918, and April 25th, 
1914. These specimens were all taken on chalk hills in Kent. 
Although I cannot turn up any dates, I have no doubt that in certain 
fees Os ae 
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