18 B. C. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROCEEDINGS, 1911. 



and soon forms a protecting covering, which together with the skin of 

 the first molt forms a covering scale. Another molt occurs later, and a 

 second cast-off skin serves to enlarge the covering scale. The last molt 

 occurs in this latitude, probably about the first of August, or sixty to 

 seventy-five days after the eggs hatch out. 



As stated above, the female begins to deposit her eggs soon after the 

 second molt. After she lays her eggs, her life work having been com- 

 pleted, she shrivels up and dies. The eggs remain under the scale until 

 the following spring, thus completing the round of life. 



In the destruction of this pest, I have pointed out that the most 

 vulnerable period of their existence is after the young have hatched out, 

 but this is generally a busy time with fruit-growers and owners of fruit- 

 trees, and protective measures are usually neglected. 



Fortunately we have in the commercial Lime-Sulphur solution, if 

 prepared in the proportion of one to nine or ten, and applied with a 

 spray pump having great force, a fairly good remedy for the destruction 

 of the pest. 



Unfortunately this insect is exceedingly omnivorous, one of its favor- 

 ite food plants being the wild crab-apple, which is found in vast quan- 

 tities over the entire Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island. I believe 

 it is owing to the existence of this natural plant food that we have not 

 succeeded better in destroying this pest. 



I believe the time is not far distant when the Government will be 

 obliged to bring down legislation to compel all owners of land through- 

 out the Province to cut down and destroy all wild crab-apples. If this 

 Society will give this suggestion their favorable consideration, and co- 

 operate with me in making this recommendation, I think it would be 

 one of the most useful things it can do. 



Although we have many other minor scale insects, none of them, I 

 believe, are of sufficient economic importance to be dealt with in this 

 paper. My desire is to deal with the most destructive pests, irrespective 

 of the order to which they may belong. 



This leads to a consideration of the order "Lepidoptera," Family 

 Lacosmoidae, of which the "Clisiocampa americana," commonly known 

 as the Tent Caterpillar, is the most prominent representative, and which 

 has been very destructive in some sections of the Province during the 

 year, but compared with sections of Washington, we have not suffered 

 nearly as much by the depredations of this insect. 



There are several species of the Tent Caterpillar, and curiously 

 enough, most of them belong to the Pacific Coast. The "Clisiocampa 

 americana" is quite common in the Eastern States and our Eastern 

 Provinces, but I do not think it is quite as destructive in the East as it 

 is on the Pacific Coast. 



