B. C. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROCEEDINGS, 1912. 43 



The duration of the larval stage is, at least, seven months, the win- 

 ter period being experienced in the middle of the stage, during which 

 time the larva forms a rough earthern cell in the soil at varying depths 

 and apparently becomes entirely dormant. 



The Individual Pupa 



Is milky white in color, very soft and delicate. It lies in its little 

 earthern cell in the soil, free and not enclosed by an special silken or 

 shell-like device. The size approximately corresponds to that of the 

 adult. The various parts of its anatomy are distinctly apparent, its legs, 

 antennae, and elytra carefully folded on the ventral surface. The 

 appendages are covered by a pupal membrane, which sloughs off as the 

 adult stage is approached. 



The pupal stage lasts from 21 to 24 days. 



Transform.ation. 



Several dajs elapse from the time the pupa first changes to the 

 adult in the soil and the time that the adult leaves the soil finally to 

 assume its normal adult life and color. During this period the imma- 

 ture adult, which resembles the mature adult in all respects but color, 

 gradually hardens its exoskeleton sufficient to withstand pressure through 

 the soil and gradually changes its color from that of a white to that 

 of a yellow. I would judge that at times fully five days elapse from 

 the termination of the pupal stage to the assumption by the adult of a 

 pale yellow color. 



Furthermore, some additional days elapse from the time the adult 

 has appeared on the surface of the ground to the time it assumes its 

 fully developed normal color. I should judge that in some cases, at 

 any rate, seven days elapse — making 12 from the pupa — to complete the 

 full transformation. I cannot tell as yet what physical influences in- 

 crease or decrease these transformation stages, under strictly natural 

 conditions, as the records above were made under laboratory conditions. 



The Individual Adult 



Is dark brown, almost black, when fully developed, egg-shaped in 

 general outline, about j4-'nch long by ^^-inch broad; thorax deeply 

 pitted ; elytra striated, convex and deeply punctured in the striae, fused 

 together in a median line over the abdominal segments, consequently 

 useless for flight and only serving for protection, very hard and horny, 

 overlying the abdominal segments laterally and at the extremity pos- 

 teriorly. 



