Proceedings, 1913. 21 



year we had an outbreak of cutworms; this year there are very few. It is usually 

 conceded, however, that a spring and fall spraying are necessaries for our condition. 



Mr. Cunningham: Can we raise first-class marketable fruit without spraying? 

 If so, where? I don't know. If we are going to compete on the markets, we have 

 to get busy and raise first-class fruit, and this can only be done by spraying. I 

 consider it would be a most unfortunate thing if it gets abroad that the growers are 

 spraying too much. Some men near Vernon have not sprayed for two years. How 

 are they getting along? Are they to remain growing unmarketable fruit? No; get 

 them the machinery and teach them how to spray. 



Mr. Taylor: I rather criticize Mr. Winslow if he claims we do not need to 

 spray non-bearing trees. 



Mr. Winslow: It is not a question of spraying *!'t'r.«i(.< non-spraying. It would 

 be most unfortunate if the idea got abroad that I am advocating a cessation of spray 

 application. What I do claim is that a lot of spraying has been misdirected and 

 with consequent discouragement, and how best to find the economic basis. 



Mr. Brittain : I think the difference of opinion has arisen from the different 

 view-points taken. I think we can all now gauge the situation. 



Mr. Winslow : Lime-sulphur ma.v be made with economy in the valley. 



Jlr. Taylor : It isn't every one who can make lime-sulphur. The great difficulty 

 is experienced in the resulting varying strength, a variation of 19 to 30 degrees. 

 Another difficulty is the question of the employment of a licensed engineer for small 

 plants. 



Professor Wilson : .Vt Corvallis we can make lime-sulphur for .^.S.TS, the retail 

 price being JS.IO. It is thus useless paying freight on water. 



The Chairman: I think perhaps we had better terminate this excellent dis- 

 cussion, as time is getting on. I am afraid we had lietter proceed. I will now ask 

 our Secretary. Mr. Treherne. to present his pajior. 



METHODS OF TAKING INSECT RECORDS IN THE FIELD. 

 By It. C. Tkeherne. 



In preparing this paper, I had in mind the requirements of the field inspectors 

 working in the various orchards, farms, and nurseries in the Province, with the 

 intention of presenting to them certain ideas in estimating the approximate pre- 

 valence of an insect pest and its corresponding injuriousness, so that we may be able 

 to obtain a definite and co-ordinated idea on the nature of our local insect pests one 

 year with another. 



In order to determine the present rate of an infestation by any insect pe.st or 

 fungous disease for comparison with an infestation in pa.st or future seasons or 

 periods, or in order to determine the rate at which an infestation increases in 

 different territories with relation, as well, to dates of migration, emergence, or 

 injuriousness, it is desirable that a definite system of recording the prevalence of 

 an insect pest, one year with another, be employed. 



I do not claim originality, altogether, for my suggestions that follow, for, after 

 all, the problems of simple arithmetic are the only ones involved, neither do I wish 

 to force those who are vi-orking in the field as inspectors to adopt the systems I 

 propose, but personally I prefer to work with a system when in the field, and the 

 following which I am putting forward as suggestions have been useful. 



To DETERMINE PEHCENTAGE OF INFESTATION ; INJURY OBSERVED. 



Select five typical locations in the field to be examined. At each of tliese five 

 locations select a typical row, tree, or plant to be inspected. Emphasis should be 

 laid upon the word " typical," no partiality or impartiality being shown in the 

 selection. When this is done, count fifty plants, buds, fruit, or leaves, as desired, 

 and examine carefully for injury. Then the total iinmhcr of injurious marks divided 

 l)U the total number of objects examined, multiplied hy JOO, glues the percentage of 



