rROCEEDINOS^ 1914. 



feed by iuserting their beaks iuto the wood and iiroduce a white waxy exeretiou as 

 they grow. These all prove to be females, and each one is eai)able of jiroduclng 

 young, which, in turn, produce more young, and so on until early in the fall, when 

 winged forms are produced. These winged forms are black to the unaided eye, with 

 distinct black nerved wings. At this point there appears to be a certain amount of 

 doubt at the present time as to the next step in the life-history. It is supposed that 

 some of these winged forms migrate to the elm and there produce several male and 

 female aphides, which in turn produce eggs. 



The actual life-history under Lower Frascr conditions has not. I believe, been 

 studied; consequently we cannot do more at the present time than regard the 

 researches of other investigators as approximate to our own. 



The aphides on the stems can best be controlled by a weak dilution spray of 

 kerosene emulsion or by summer-strength lime-sulphur with an addition of Black 

 Leaf 40. Where root-forms are known to exist, these same sprays applied to the 

 roots may be used, allowing the liquid to reach the aphides by partially removing 

 the soil around the tree. 



The Rosy Aphis (Aphis sorli, Kalt). 



This aphis occurs in the Lower Fraser. but its presence and the injury caused 

 is probably not associated to the average grower. The fruit is not attacked, but 

 by the indirect influence of the aphis attack on the fruit-bearing spurs and adjoining 

 leaves, the fruit becomes luiarled, irregular, and misshapen. These clusters of poorly 

 shajied fruits are conunouly to be seen in any orchard of the valley, but we have 

 no definite idea, as yet, on its prevalence or degree of injury in comparison witli 

 the attack of other aphides. It is altogether probable that we wUl find this species 

 the most serious aphis pest of our apple-trees unless due regard is paid to its 

 control. 



The life-history of this insect is, like the woolly aphis, only imperfectly known. 

 Colonies may be found on fruit-spurs and in the cui-led leaves adjoining the blossoms 

 in the spring. These colonies have sprung from an over-wintering egg laid the 

 previous fall and are wingless. Several generations occur during spring and early 

 summer. At Agassiz, at the latter part of June and during early July, winged forms 

 aiipear and they migrate in numbers from tbe apple-leaves to some unknown host- 

 l)lant. All efforts to trace the secondary host-plant failed this past summer. Accord- 

 ing to Prof. II. F. Wilson, of Coi'vallis, Oregon, this spring migi'ant " is in general 

 colour black, abdomen brow-n, with black markings and a black dorsal square-shaped 

 spot. The antenniE are about as long as the body and brown to black. Along each 

 side of the abdomen is a series of dentate tubercles." Later in the year, about 

 Septenibei', winged females return again to the ajiple, giving birth to several furms, 

 which in turn produce eggs. 



The knarled appearance of the fruit in the clusters and the absence of any 

 assignable cause, by the migration of the summer forms is liable to confuse the 

 grower, who ma.v expect an explanation of the condition of liis fruit. 



The remedy suggested has proven itself very etiicient, and referring again to 

 Prof. Wilson's work in Oregon, for want of any local experience of our own. we 

 quote : '• Lime-sulphur should be used, winter strength, and Black Leaf 40 added at 

 the rate of 1 part to 000 parts of the diluted lime-snlplnir. It is very essential fur 

 success that this spray be aiijilied ju.st as the buds are opening into leaf. Wlien tlie 

 leaves commence to curl, spraying cannot be accomplished with proper results." 



The Europe.\n GRAix-Aniis {HiphoconjiK' iircna: Fab.). 



This apliis occurs commonly on the ai>ple in the Lower Fraser, being often found 

 associated in the colonies of Ai>liis sorhi in the spring on the leaves. Apparently tlie 

 life-history resembles that of Aphis sorhi in the general details, with the exception 

 that more is known of its hosts. It uses the apple as the host in the spring and 

 fall, migrating to small grains and grasses during the summer. At Agassiz. during 



