iusect, but as often as the careful discretion- of the grower would warrant. It should 

 be remembered that this statement refers only to this insect. In cases whei'e trees 

 have become very badly encrusted with scales, mosses, and lichens, it would be well 

 to apply a dormant winter spray of either a 3-per-cent. caustic-soda solution or 1 lb. 

 of Gillett's lye in 4 gallons of water. This procedure is better not followed more 

 than one in four or five years, as it has a tendency to hidebound the trees. 

 The scale is heavily jDarasitized in the Fraser Valley. 



The Eed-humped Apple-tkee Catebpill.\r {Schixura concinna, S. & A.l. 



The name of this caterpillar is obtained from a prominent red hump on the 

 fourth segment of its body. Specimens of the larva of this species may at times 

 be met with devouring the leaves of apple-trees. A simple spraying of arsenate of 

 lead will effectively control them. 



The CIG.4E-CASE Be.\rer (Goleopliora flctchercUa, Fernald). 



At every orchard in the Lower Fraser visited during the past two years this 

 insect has been foimd to occur. It cannot, however, be classed as one of the 

 important insects of the orchard. The grower may recognize the species when a 

 small cigar-like case is seen standing erect on the surface of a leaf. This case con- 

 tains a small caterpillar which feeds on the surface of the leaf. The winter is 

 passed as the larva in its case attached to stems and twigs. Migration to the leaves 

 occurs in the spring, and the adult moths appear in July, giving rise to the ne.\:t 

 season's generation. Arsenate of lead applied either before or after blossoming will 

 control this species. 



The Pe.\k-slug (Eriocampoidcs limaciiia, Retz). 



A smooth slimy-looking slug may often be met with on the leaves of cherry, pear, 

 and plum. This is the larva of a sawfly. The adult is about % inch long, black, 

 somewhat shiny, with four wings, rather dusky in appearance, which are folded over 

 the abdomen when at rest on a leaf. 



Adults have been observed flying in the Fraser Valley during May and early 

 .Tune, depositing eggs. Small blister-like areas may be seen on the upper leaf surface, 

 indicating that an egg has been deposited there by the female. Minute larvaa (slugs) 

 have been observed on the leaves during the second week of June. The first brood 

 of larvm evidently commences about this time. From the middle till the end of 

 July the period of pupation is in progress, as but few slugs can be found on the trees. 



During the last days of July and early August adults may again be seen flying 

 and depositing eggs, so that during August and September larvte ai'e quite common 

 again. Thus this insect in the Lower Fraser is double-brooded. The first larval 

 brood of June may cause injury to the tree, but by arsenate of lead or pyrethrum 

 liowder the.v can be combated. The second brood of larvre in August can almost be 

 classed as a benefit to the tree, for the attack by defoliation checks the growth and 

 assists the tree to ripen its wood for winter. 



Click-beetles (Elateriiw). 



During the month of May in the Fraser Valley, when the apples are in bloom. 

 large numbers of elater or click-beetles may be seen clustered around the blossoms 

 and developing buds. Several species appear to be involved at the one time. By an 

 experiment, performed to find out what damage was caused, it was shown that tliese 

 large black beetles were cutting off the pistils and stamens of the blossoms, devouring 

 the calyx-cup and the petals as well as developing leaves of the tree. 



There is no question at all that a large number of in-ospective fruits are 

 destroyed by the destruction of the blossoms and the calyces. Furthermore, the 

 depredations of these beetles are continued during the summer upon leaves and young 

 fruit. Portions of the epidermis and pith of the apple will be devoured. These 

 areas heal over, but fruit attacked in this way, later in the year, show brown and 

 depressed areas on its skin, greatly in.1urying the marketable appearance of the fruit. 



