Proceedings, 191 5. 103 



" Article 19. The original orthography of a name is to be preserved 

 unless an error of transcription, a !apsns calaini. or a typographical error 

 is evident. 



" Article 20. In forming names derived from languages in which 

 the Latin alphabet is used, the exact original spelling, including diacritic 

 marks, is to be retained. Recommendations : The prefi.xes " sub ' and 

 ' pscudo' should be used only with adjectives and substantives — 'sub' 

 with Latin words, ' pscudo ' with Greek words ; and they should not be 

 used in combination with proper names. The terminations ' oidcs ' and 

 ' ides ' should be used in combination only with Greek or Latin substan- 

 tives ; the)' should not be used in combination with proper names. 



"Article 21. The author of a scientific name is that person who 

 first publishes the name in connection with an indication; a definition, 

 or a description, unless it is clear from the contents of the publication 

 that some other person is responsible for said name and its indication, 

 definition, or description. 



" Article 22. If it is desired to cite the author's name, this should 

 follow the scientific name without interposition of any mark or punc- 

 tuation ; if other citations are desirable, these follow after the author's 

 name, but are separated from it by a comma or by parentheses. 



" Article 25. The valid name of a genus or species can be only that 

 name under which it was first designated, on the condition : — 



"(a.) That this name was published and accompanied by an indica- 

 tion or a definition or a description; and 



"(b.) That the author has applied the principles of binary nomen- 

 clature. 



" Article 26. The tenth edition of Linne's Systema Xaturse, 1758. is 

 the work which inaugurated the consistent general application of the 

 binary nomenclature in zoology. The date 1758 therefore is accepted as 

 the starting-point of zoological nomenclature and of the law of priority." 



There are many other points in the rules which it is important to 

 have authoritatively laid down, and I would recommend that all natural- 

 ists who take the study seriously should have a copy of the International 

 Code in their possession .for reference and information. 



If I am not tiring you too much. I will now proceed to the subject 

 of classification. 



There are two ways of dealing with the classification of all 

 natural objects — either taking the most advanced and specialized forms 

 and tracing their relationship to existing forms or their evolution from 

 more primitive forms, or else commencing at the other end and taking 

 the most primitive forms first, tracing the evolution of the more special- 

 ized forms. In the following remarks I shall confine myself to insects in 

 general and to Lepidoptera in particular. In the best-known works on 

 Lepidoptera. Dyar. Smith, Staudinger. Meyrick, and others take the 

 higher forms first and work downward. Comstock and the late J. \V. 

 Tutt considered the other wav best, and worked ui)wards from the lower 



