12 B.C. Entojiological Society. 



completing its life-cycle aud carryiug the infection over to another season. It should 

 be realized, at this point, that our Province is now practically free of codling-moth; 

 consequently, with our staff of fieldmen posted in various parts of the country, we 

 are for ihe most part able to " six)t " an infestation before it has had an opportunity 

 to get ahead of us. This point should be thoroughly realized, otherwise my few- 

 remarks may appear to be too theoretical, whereas they actually represent past 

 experience and fact. The other recourse is that of systematic spraying with arsenate 

 of Icdil. hfiiKtiiig the trees, and a rigid quarantine of all fruit n-ithin the infceted 



distlirt. 



It often happens that the infection is not discovered until late in the season at 

 a time when the first brood of larvre have had their " innings " at the fruit, and 

 many of them have already passed the pupa stage and new moths are on the wing. 

 This could happen as early as the mouth of August in this latitude. Under these 

 circumstances it would be very foolish to proceed with the destruction of the fruit 

 unless the area was very small indeed. Because by the time the area of Infection 

 could be ascertained and every particle of fruit destroyed the second brood would 

 be so far under way as to give many of the larva; an opportunity, to leave the fruit, 

 spin their cocoons in a small hiding-place under the bark or elsewhere, and there 

 remain until the following season, and the great sacrifice of fruit would not have 

 resulted in utter extermination. So if the destruction of the fruit is the method to 

 lie adopted, with a view to utter extermination, as a reward for the sacrifice, it will 

 be necessary to start destroying the fruit so early in the season as to ensure the 

 destruction of every particle before the season is far enough advanced to allow any 

 larviTe the chance to winter over. 



TTiis work of destroying the fruit is not nearly so simple a process as the mere 

 mention of it might lead people to belie^-e. Any experienced apple, pear, crab, or 

 <iuiuce grower will agree that, even when harvesting the matured fruit is over. 

 they will often think every bit of fruit on a certain tree had been gathered, to find 

 when the tree finally loses its foliage that many specimens remain still adhering. 

 This will give one an idea of how much more difficult it is to thoroughly dispose of 

 partly developed fruit at the time it is necessary to make a thorough clean-up. It is 

 also hard to realize the amount of opposition and refusal to co-operate on the part 

 of many of the people whose future interests are at stake. Without the thorough 

 and hearty co-operation of every one concerned, the extermination of the codling- 

 moth is very difficult, if not iniixissihlc. as a very little fruit allowed to remain in 

 the trees or even on the grouml tUniughout a scattered district may defeat this 

 attempt to eradicate the infection. 



To review the other method already mentioned, consisting of strict quarantine, 

 inspection, banding the trees, and spraying, I will give the details that were carried 

 out in dealing with an infected district of about one square mile in extent. The 

 cause of infection was traced to a settler having arrived in the spring, with his 

 household effects, from an infected district in Ontario, and the larvre were carried 

 in some of the packing-cases in the puiial form, It was not until the beginning of 

 September that infection in three or four adjoiuing orchards was first discovered, 

 many of the first brood of larva? being found in cocoons under the bark of infected 

 trees, and also some newly hatched larvre in the fruit ranging from a few days old 

 and upwnnls. ScMTal apples were found in which larva? had completed their work 

 and left. ai-.-,,uiiliiiy partly for those found under the bark in their cocoons. The 

 trees averaged seven or eight years old, mostly Jonathans, Mcintosh, and Wagener. 

 all bearing considerable fruit. Four Assistant Inspectors were immediately ordered 

 to inspect the whole district with a view to locating the exact area of infection. 

 This proved to be one sqnai'e mile in extent. No fruit was allowed to leave this 

 district, and outside packing-houses were not allowed to send in any picking or 

 packing boxes that would go into circulation again in outside districts or packing- 

 houses. A temporary packing-house was erected in the infected district, to which 



