IG B.C. Entomological Society. 



Close fittention must be given to luising. Water never should be added after 

 tlie oil has been poured into the solution of soap and lye. Dissolve the soap in S to 

 10 gallons of boiling water and place in barrel or tank ; add the rest of the water to 

 make up 4.3 gallons. If using tank, start the agitator, add the lye, follow up with 

 the oil. pouring the same slowly into the-thoroughly stirred suds. 



(XoTE. — This will not make a stock solution, which can be safely kept any time, 

 so should be sprayed as made.) 



Whenever a better oil or distillate is obtainable, I would not advise the use of 

 the above crude oil, since often it contains so much foreign matter that it forms 

 a poor emulsion and makes spraying more dangerous through non-uniformity of 

 mixture. This crude emulsion should never be used except where it is possible to 

 apply at least 200 lb. pressure with a good angle nozzle which throws a finely divided 

 spray. 



The chief advantage of the crude-oil emulsion is its apparent cheapness, but in 

 reality the cost is about the same where a good stove distillate testing 29° Baume 

 can be procured. Laid down in the Okanagan last year the costs were about as 

 follows (to make up 200-gallou tank), F.O.B. Vernon: Slop distillate (crude oil). 

 19° Baume, 10 to 12 cents per gallon; fuel distillate (Uttle better than stove), 35° 

 Baume, IS cents per gallon. 



To make up 200-gallon tank requires: Crude oil. 24 gallons-at 10 cents, 3i2.40; 

 fuel distillate, IG gallons at IS cents. ?2.SS; kerosene, 12 gallons at 2S cents, ?3.3G: 

 lime-sulphur, 20 gallons at 13 cents, ,$2.60. 



(Note. — Kerosene used by ordinary formula would take approximately 12 gallons 

 to make 200 of the dilute emulsion. Lime-sulphur for comparison only.) 



In making the stove-distillate emulsions the same ingredients should be used, 

 but both the amount of soap and the quantity of oil should be reduced. The 

 following is satisfactory: Whale-oil, 4 lb.; lye. 1 lb.; distillate, 4 gallons; water, 

 45 gallons; total, .50 gallons. In the use of distillate, as in crude oil. do not add 

 water after the oil has been poured in. In other respects follow the same rules. 



There are several other interesting new sprays, such as the soda nitrate, used 

 to stimulate growth and early development of fruit-buds, and powdered arsenates 

 of lead to replace the ordinary paste. As a fungicide, atomic sulphur has proven 

 very effective, and combines readily with both oil emulsions, soap solutions. Black 

 Leaf 40, and arsenates of lead, therefore being more adapted to combination spraying 

 than its predecessor, Bordeaux mixture. 



Any of the above-mentioned spray materials could be studied separately, but 

 time will not allow it here. Neither bave I taken up the insects and diseases 

 combated by the sprays mentioned, since they are, known through study of more 

 common sprays, which are all applied at the time most suited to kill or control 

 the insect or disease in question. 



THE TARNISHED PLANT-BUG (LYGUS PRATENSIS LINN.). 

 By R. C. Tbeherne, Field Officek, Dominion Division of Entomology, Agassiz, B.C. 



In consideration of the comparative prevalence of fire-blight (Bacillus amylo- 

 rororia) in various parts of the Okanagan District, I have thought it advisable to 

 draw your attention to the fact that the disease is capable of being spread by 

 means of several and sundry insects of the orchard. Mr. L. L. Palmer, Horticul- 

 turist, Coldstream Estate, at the meeting of this Society last July in Vernon, made 

 mention of the fact that the several species of aphides are chief among the 

 economic pests of the Okanagan. This is an important point, for it is clearly 

 proven that aphides, and in particular the green apple-aphis (A. pomi), are capable 

 of spreading the disease. 



Naturally, then, the disease of fire-blight varies in extent in accordance with 

 the prevalence of aphides, and the obvious control of the blight is accomplished, in 



