32 B.C. Entomological Society. 



where the insect must hibernate. In the season of 1912, while spraying an old 

 oreharil near Abbotsford the first week in July, arsenate of lead was added to the 

 spray. As the result of this experiment not half a dozen worms were found, while 

 in the iirevious season this orchard was badly infested. 



Spkaying. 



The value of spraying is often doubted by the average fruit-grower. But this 

 misapprehension is largely due to an ignorance of results. It has been proven, 

 however, that more eonsideratiou should be given spraying, both as to method and 

 time of application, also the amount of material used. I have been retiuested" to 

 add a few practical facts on this subject. 



The following is an estimate of some figures I have obtained concerning the 

 cost of spraying. Lime and sulphur is sold at the rate of 27% cents per 40-gallon 

 barrel, and arsenate of lead at 14 cents per 100 lb. A flve-year-old tree will require 

 the use of % gallon of diluted spray, and a twenty-year-old tree 5 gallons of such 

 spray. This may seem to be a close estimate, but using a power-sprayer with an 

 erjual pressure, and careful work, I have figured this to he 5 cents per five-year-old 

 tree and 20 cents per twenty-year-old tree, or. as one good authority has stated, 

 1 cent per tree per year. 



I am now desirous of making a few conclusive remarks relative to the best 

 sprays to use, their number, also some results. I would unquestionably not omit 

 the regular dormant spray of lime and sulphur applied at the time the buds are 

 breaking, and the 1-3 scab sprays, the number of the latter depending on the season, 

 with the first coinciding with the first lime-sulphur spray. Soluble sulphur has 

 liroven to be very effective, but its use as yet cannot be recommended for summer 

 work. A fall spray of Bordeaux mixture should be applied to apple-trees foi- 

 anthracuose. and one additional, if infection is ver.v serious, according to the season. 



From my experience of Fraser Valley conditions I realize that at the present 

 status of our knowledge it is extremely difficult to lay down any definite rule which 

 will cover any definite number of years and give equal results. As I have attempted 

 to point out. especially as regards the spring development of buds and the consequent 

 hatching of insects, in special reference, as this paper shows, to the oyster-shell 

 scale, the season is extremely variable. I have no doubt that some years a single 

 spray applied judiciously in the sjiring will accomplish as much as three sprayings 

 could in an unfavourable year. During this past summer in particular, which was 

 the driest we have experienced in the valley in twenty years, we did obtain good 

 results with one spraying applied as the buds had well broken. In another year 

 with a moist, wet spring the same results could not have been obtained with three 

 spraj-ings. Consequentl.v, we are down to this fact : that the individual fruit-grower 

 in close cooperation with the Department of Horticulture will have to decide on the 

 programme, one year with another. 



As a general rule, however, allo'O'ing for the above-named limitations, I may say 

 these three sprayings are required: (1) Winter spray, lime-sulphur, 1-t), with 

 arsenate of lead, 2%-40 gallons, as the buds are breaking; (2) summer spray, lime- 

 sulphur, 1-25 to 30, with arsenate of lead, 2%-40 gallons, after blossoming; (3) 

 Bordeaux, 6-G-40, in the fall after the first rains (usually late in September or till 

 October 15th). 



Mr. Day : I am sure Mr. Getchell will be glad to answer any questions regarding 

 his paper. There is one question I would like to ask ; that is regarding the woolly 

 aphis, which very often hibernates in the roots of the apple-trees. How would you 

 control it? 



Mr. Getchell : I think some have successfully combated it by applying tobacco- 

 leaves to the roots, but foi- an orchard, iiersonally I do not think it would be a very 

 practical thing to do. 



