34 



B.C. Entomological Society. 



as to which part of the apple or pear the larva made its entry, resultius 

 follcm-iiis record: — 



The table of iufection proves that the greater miuiber of moths hatched out 

 between July 1st and August 15th, and during the whole season not more than 

 50 per cent, of the larvre entered the fruit at the calyx, thus making It absolutely 

 necessary to spray a second time at least, so that the enlarged surface of the fruit 

 that had developed since the first .spraying should be protected against the attack 

 of the young larva; that had hatched from the eggs deposited on the fruit by the 

 moth, which did not commence to fly, or practically e.xist, until a month to six weeks 

 after the first spraying. This, I think, proves clearly that the first spraying would 

 only account for about 50 per cent, of the larv;p, which was all that made any 

 attempt to enter at the point containing the poison, — viz., the calyx. 



I think it well to say that I am fairly well acquainted with the lltei;ature pub- 

 lished in the United States and Canada on the codling-moth, and have known that 

 the majority of investigators have determined that about 75 pev cent, enter at the 

 cal.yx and 25 per cent, at other points. I am inclined to think that the records of 

 A'ictoria, B.C., conditions, of 50 per cent, calyx-infection, are unique, so far as this 

 point goes. I am satisfied to state that our records were made from a complete set 

 of records, involving the entire area of infestation, where every apple was examined 

 Individually and carefully. When it can be shown that the entire outbreak involved 

 the examination of 7,610 fruits, we were not able to go very far wrong. 



This much may be said, however : that the calyx-infestation ijercentage was 

 higher in the early summer, but it gradually decreased, with the result at the end 

 of the period of hatching the points of entrance were equalled. This may be due 

 to the gradual opening of the spring, accompanied by cool nights and a longer drawn- 

 out emergence and hatching period of the moth. 



Our records show that the first moths did not begin to hatch out from their 

 winter cocoons until the middle of June, and very few were on the wing before 

 July 1st ; by the middle of .September the pupating or hatching season was over, and 

 the percentage of the second brood was so small as to be scarcely recognized. 



Considerable difference of opinion exists as to the' exact time for codling-moth 

 spraying and the number of times to spray. Everything depends upon the peculiar 

 characteristics and life-history of the moth in any or every district, as atmospheric 

 conditions have everything to do with regard to the number of broods hatching out 

 in the one season. 



In order that the first or calyx spraying should be sufficient to control the 

 infection, it would be necessary for all the first brood to enter at the calyx, but 

 unfortunately, as has been shown, the larva chooses to use its own discretion as to 

 .iust where and when it should enter the fruit. Some preferred to enter at the side, 

 where two apples were touching, or in contact with a leaf or branch, while othei's 

 entered at the stem end. No larva was discovered to have left the fruit until after 

 the middle of August, proving that none of the worms infesting the fruit during that 

 month were from a second brood. It required about thirty days for a larva to gain its 

 full growth in the fruit. Those that pupated again during the same season were about 

 twelve days from the date of leaving the fruit until hatching out to the new moth. 



