Proceedings^ 1915. 35 



These details, on the whole, appear to tally pretty closely with the metamorphosis 

 of the moth In other latitudes, with the exception that the number of broods per 

 season are not so numerous this far north as they are to the south. 



So far as our success of getting rid of the codling-moth bn Vancouver Island is 

 concerned, I felt quite safe the other day when I Informed a gentleman that, if I 

 gave him $5 on condition that he find me a codling-uioth larva, he would think he 

 had more than earned the money. 



(Then followed a general discussion regarding the codling-moth.) 



Mr. Day: I vriU now call on Mr. R. C. Treherne. Field Officer, Dominion 

 Division of Entomolog.v, Agassiz. to give his lecture on " Insects affecting Shade- 

 trees and Ornamentals around Vancouver." 



SHADE-TREE AND ORNAMENTAL INSECTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



By R. C. Treiierne. FnoLD Officer, Entomological Bbanch, Dominion Dep.\rtment 

 OF Agriculture, Agassiz, B.C. 



The subject I propose to take up to-day is naturally one that appeals to garden- 

 lovers and those especially interested in the beautification of boulevards and parks. 

 I do not propose to make an exhaustive stud.v of all the insects found on shade-trees 

 and ornamentals, but merel.v to touch upon certain of the more important and most 

 noticeable, which j'ear in and year out attract attention by their presence. 



Heiiipter.\ (True Bugs). 

 Scale-insects. 



Scale-insects are those which cover themselves with a waxy shield or scale, under 

 which they lie protected and hidden from view. It is only necessary to draw your 

 attention to the very familiar oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes iilmi) to give you an 

 excellent illustration of the type of insect referred to as a " scale-Insect." This 

 o.vster-shell scale occurs on a great many different species of shrubs and trees in this 

 I>art of the world (sec Bull. 5). and being very plentiful and numerous ma.v readily 

 be taken and studied, in a general way, as a type. Its common name indicates 

 its appearance, and there is no other insect so readil.v available that has such 

 characteristic markings. Beneath these protecting scales the soft-bodied insects lie 

 immovable, but are able to grow and reproduce. Each one is furnished with a 

 minute " sucker," which is inserted into the plant-tissue, thereby obtaining nourish- 

 ment for itself. 



Other scale-insects of ornamentals may be observed in the vicinity (Vancouver, 

 B.C.), notably the following :^ — 



The rose-scale (Aulacaspis rosw). 



The cottony maple-scale (Pulviiiaria iiiiiHincrahilis Rathv.). 



The European fruit-scale (AspuHotiis ostnefonnis). 



Lecanium spp. on maples, laurels, etc.. 



Chlonaspis palm-scale (ChrysomphaUix dictyospenni) . 

 The cottony maple-scale, found on stems and twigs of maples and many rosaceous 

 plants, presents a familiar appearance with its white cottony exudation beneath a 

 brown shield or scale. The European fruit-scale, found on the mountain-ash, 

 flowering crabs, etc., may be recognized as minute black specks with orange-coloured 

 centres or " nipples." The Lecauiums, of which it is believed two species occur in 

 Vancouver on maples, laurels, etc. — viz.. licmixphericinn and licspcrklinn — are known 

 as somewhat large, spherical brown scales on the stems and leaves. All these scales 

 may be controlled by the use of kerosene emulsion In the spring, or l)y caustic-soda 

 ai)plications during winter. The palm-scale is peculiar to plants and ferns in the 

 greenhouse and conservatory, and the rose-scale has been taken in North ^'anconver. 

 Aphides. 



These insects, commonly referred to as "green lice," form colonies on the leaves 

 and twigs of plants they attack. The species frequently found on roses may be taken 



