5(3 Ij.C. KxT()MI)I.()(;|('AL Soi'IKTV. 



only too true. We have a gre-at deal of trouhlr with them, especially in the Southeru 

 Okauagan country, and we And them very liard tii control. There is absolutely no 

 question that the ticks attack one person and not another, and the same applies to 

 horses. There is no accounting for this dislike or preference; it just occurs. One 

 method of exterminating the tick is to pull it out and cut off a piece of skin sur- 

 rounding the puncture, but currycombing is a ver.v jiractical method with horses. 

 Still another common method is employed as described by Mr. Cockle, and that is 

 to work them very bard, so as to cause profuse sweating; but this does not check 

 them. I am ver.v interested in all this and would like to hear further discussion. 



Mr. Blackmore : I notice Dr. Hadwen is here and that he will be giving us the 

 next paper, referring to ticks. Possibly he might have some remarks to luake now 

 or he might prefer to give us his paper. 



Dr. S. Hadwen: I do not know that 1 can .-ulil very nunU tn what Mr. CocUle 

 has said. His observations are without diiul)t correct, and I can support his con- 

 tentions on many points. I am afraid. Mr. I'resident, that the paper I iiroposed to 

 give at tliis meeting nnist lie cancelled. I had expected to give you a list of the 

 species of ticks that occur in British Columbia. Dr. Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist, 

 however, has .lUst issued a list of Canadian ticks whicli covers our British Columbia 

 list completely. I received Dr. Hewitt's list .vesterday and there is little that can 

 be added to it now. 



In regard to this suliject. under discussion, of ticks and tlie evils resulting from 

 their attack on animals. I have dealt fairly fully with tlie suliject on other occasions. 

 Tick paraly.sis is a di.sease of animals and is produced in hiniian lieings by the bites 

 of ticks. In Cape Colon.v, South Africa, as well as in this country, ticks bave been 

 found to iiroduce paral.vsis in sheep. Another record comes from Australia. Con- 

 ditions of paral.vsis may be. caused by several species of ticks, not always b.v the 

 same one. Paral.vsis occurs several days afhn- the tick lias coiunieiiced its attack. 

 During the first three or four days the tick remains quiet, liut ibiriiig tlie last twenty- 

 four hours or so the engorgement is very rapid. In fatal cases the lieart and respira- 

 tion are affected. If the lick is removed, recovery is ver.v rapid. 



While there are about fifteen varieties of ticks in British Columbia, most of 

 those whicli affect animals produce, not paralysis, but intense Irritation to the 

 tissues. It is remarkable that after a bite from almost an,v of the ticks, itching 

 may continue for .vears. Severe constitutional disorders iiia.^' result, .-ind the ulcers 

 which ma,v form are ver.v slow to heal. 



In reference to the connection between ticks and animals, I have freiinently 

 heard it claimed that ticks prefer certain trees in which to stay. I am inclined 

 to think that this is the case, and is caused by a preference on the part of the 

 animals, after becoming laden with ticks in the |iastiire or range, to collect under 

 some favourite tree for shade. Some animals .■ire, as pointed out, more susceptible 

 to ticks than others. I have noticed that we.-ik animals are always affected the 

 win-st. but whether or not the weak comlilioii is directly the cause of the attack I 

 cauuot say. Once an animal has a tick on it, you will find that a rag saturated 

 with coal-oil will cause it to relimiuish its hold. Any oil will wiirk. but 1 acknowl- 

 edge a certain ditliculty in getting rid of ticks, esiiecially on horses. 



Mr. Parham : 1 Innen't bad vcvy giiid success with nil. 



Dr. Hadwen: You will Hiid it will work. 1 am sure. .V sm.ill ilriqi even on the 

 stiguial plate will cause a tick to relinquish its hold. It works every time. You can 

 prove it for yourself in the laboratory. 



Mr. Treherne: Is it so that "spotted fever" does not occur in British Columbia? 



Dr. Hadwen : We have never heard of any case. 



Mr. Parham: What abcut ticks on poultry? 



Dr. Hadwen: I liavi' ni'ver heard of ]ionltry bein- atTecled by ticks. But if 

 a chicken is aft'ecled with lice, it is advisable to dust thoi-oiigbly with suliiluir. .\iiy 

 dusty sulistauce kills them instantly. We lia\'e very few records of ticks taken on 

 birds in this countrv. 



