l'l!iii'i;i:ii|\i;s. lillCi. .">7 



M-. I.. !■:. T.i.vl.ir: I |-.iiiii(l ..nr (in n liinl on ,ini> nciMsi.m. Mv. ('i.ckh. in liis 

 li.ipiM- incniiniii'd .-iliinit l-inls mil srnninL; l<i like licks, iiil I kniiw of a tram of 

 iixrn in Snnlli Africa w liicli. wiicn I lu'V u'ot Imnic al niu'lil. cnvcrcil willi licks, the 

 cliickcns wnnld make tlicir cvcnini; meal .if I lie licl;s on lliein. It was re.ill.v an 

 exirani'iliiiar.v siu'lit In see the liinis jinniiin- n|i ;it llie liellies uf the oxen. 



In .'^milh .Vfrii'M afsenic.il (lips f,ii- sheep a I'e cmsiilei-ed •.'.led lliiiiL's. despii,. | he 

 pdiseii. I Inne seen the hair reiiiii\ed cemplel el.\- li,\' di|i|iim: lee m.in.v limes, fp 

 til a certain |iiiiiil (lipiiiii- is line. li.inke.\s are espeeiall.\ .illlicleil with licks. One 

 rui-f for licks in Sdiilh Afi'ica is Id ap|il.\ .1 liet coal t.i llie h.id.v. This oanses tin- 

 tick Id Iddseii its hdld. (Ill dther dccasidns a neaii.v fnll-L'dru'ed tick, if left mi the 

 Idd.v. will ili-dp off naliirall.v. with little evil results. 



I>r. Ilailwen: Deer in this cdiintr.v are often attacked h.v wli.it are called 

 ■•ticks." hut tlie.v are iKil true ticks. .Vt certain times the.v tl.v. and when the.v li;;lir 

 (111 an animal the.v throw off their wiiiL;s and live as liddy-parasites. 



.Mr. Wilsdii: When I was in India I ^'ot what was called a •' Idack man's lovise ■' 

 on me. h.v sleeping too clese to tlie natives. 



If. Iliulwen: Thai, of course, is due to tlie pigmental ion of the skin from a 

 iicL't-d. The species of the louse was the same as the " white man's louse." 



.\lr. Trelicrne: Mr. Cockle in .sulunitriii.i; his paper attaclied a letter in wUich 

 he meiitions some interestiui; details. He mentions taking; a very minute tick from 

 a shrew, which is lieiii^' sent to \Vashim.'t(in. li.C, for detcrmiiiat ion. He has also 

 added to his records of snow-insects I .v the c;i|ilurc of anotlier species (if " snow-tiea." 

 whose name he does not mention. The first siiecimens were t.iken on the snow when 

 tile thermometer re.uistered '2'j° Fahr., tictively wtilkin^'. This is the lowest tempera- 

 lure that he has ever s;een any inseet-life active and .alive. He lias also discovered 

 aiidther small cdldiiy uf u'oldeii siiow-tleas in a locality different to any one known up 

 to tlie present. It is to lie lioped that .Mr. Cockle will ii'ivi- lis further information 

 on this inlerestin- form of insect-life on .another occasion. 



>Ir. I'dackmore 1 \ice-l"resideiit I : I will now .ask .'Mr. Tom \YiIsdU to sive ns 

 his p.aper on (he ■■Cditoii.N M.-i|ile-scalc." 



THE COTTONY MAPLE-SCALE (PULVINARIA 1 N N U M ERABI LIS). 

 I!v To.Ni WiL.sox. F.K.H.S. 



The al:d\e-iiaiiied insect lias increased loth in numliers and distriliution duriiif: 

 the past season to an almost alarmiii!; extent. Tt has heeu noticed in the I'ity of 

 \'aiicou\-e'- on a L'reat \-ariet.\ of fiiod-plauts. such as thorns, jioplars. ,gra|ie-vines. 

 willows. .111(1 irooselicrries. .\t A^-.assiz. on iiia|iles and other |ilaii|s. \t I..\ttoii. on 

 A err ,;liiliiii and Ar,r iiciiuiiiln. Near Nanaimo, I he willows out in the wmids were 

 attacked, as were also the niaiiles. and the writer has had letters from many goose- 

 herry-growers in various parts of the rrovince. sending' in specimens of the affected 

 twigs bearin.g the cliaracteristlc while col tony masses. We have iidl noticed them 

 so numerous in the I'roviuce since Is'.i'.i. when the thorn hedges and also currant- 

 Inishes ardund Chilliwack were all hea\ily infested. They almnst disaiipeared the 

 fdUdwing year. 



This insect is usually very iiicdnspi(ai(ins in llie early part of the year. 1 iit 

 comes into notice aftia- the fcm.iles have attained their full growth in .M.iy or .lune. 

 and have excreted a cotton like sul stance, which iiroirmles from under the scale, 

 covering the insect. 



'J'he eiilire niihr-su rface of liiiil s is freiiucntly covered hy these iusccts. with 

 lluir cdttony til res full of miiiule eggs and .Miiinu'. The species is very prolitic. and 

 the late I. .s:. I'litmaii. who |iuhlislic(l .111 exh.iusiive re|iorl on the insect, says that 

 a female will l.i.\- from .".nn .ind niorc frc(|iiciill,\ J.lild eggs in the seasdii. Wlieu 

 the yiiiuig leave the mother they est.il lish themselves along the veins and usually 

 oil the under side of the leaves, siimeiiiiie-, on the u|ipcr side. It has lieeu noticed 

 that the young insects grow more ra|ii(ll.\ on the under side than 011 the upper. The 



