It.C ]-].\-|(l,\l(II,ll(ni'AL ^^()^IETY. 



evidence ut' i ur nnti tn 1 e.ir (int (ir In iiiiHUfy the exiiericiioi' nf ntUers. we iiniy 

 accept evidence fi-cnn tlie Simtli tn ri|)|irn.\iniate (HU' cimditioiis. 



Witli the niidcrstaiidinu, tlicreforf. tliat we do nut as yet liniiw willi certainty 

 tlie details uf tlie lifi'-liist(a'y of this insect nnder okiUiauan conditions, the followini; 

 notes are siven : — 



Tlio Life-liistoril in Cliiii-nil. — Tlie adnlt. as llie name implies, is a motli, and tlircv 

 distinct and different stages are under.iione hefurc tlie ailnit moth is formed — namely, 

 the egg, the larva, and the iiuiia. It passes the wintrr as a " worm " or larva inside 

 a silken cocoon in cracks and crevices of the liarl;. in shelters under leaves or stones 

 on the ground, and in varied locations in fruit-sliiMls and .store-rooms. In the spring 

 this "worm" forms a chrysalis or |inpa inside the silken cocoon, from which the 

 adnlt moth will eventually emerge. The emergence of the moth occurs dnrin.g the 

 latter part of Alay. during .Tune and part of .July also. After emer.gence the adult 

 females prepare to de|iosit eggs, laying them in due course on the leaves and on 

 the young developing fruits. The e.ggs eventually hatch to ve"y small larva', wliicli 

 penetrate to the core of an apple liy way of the caly.x. Later, when fnll-grown. these 

 larva' leave the apple, as a rule, throu.gh the side of the fruit, and form cocoous in 

 places as mentioned aliove. In northerly latitudes these cocoons are the ones that 

 pass the winter, giiang rise to the moths in the spring; but, unfortimately, in the 

 Okanagnn tliere is little dnulit th.it tin' number of "heat units" that prevail will 

 lie stifficieiit to force ilevclopmeiit to such an extent that the first eggs. larviB, and 

 pn|iM' of the spring' will undergo their transfia-m.itious in shorter time, so that the 

 moths will develop f-om these early stages. (Inring ]iiiit of .July, in August, and in 

 September. These second-generation inotlis lay eggs which develop to larva'. causin.g 

 a common form of in.iury known as " side worm-in.iury." which nu'ans the jienetra- 

 tiou of the fruit by these young larva- through the side. These worms attain their 

 full .growth before winter in the aii]iles. .md ]iass the <lin'niant season in the usual 

 manner as larva' in cicoons. In s(uitherly and w.-irnier cliniates tlie iiumber of 

 "heat units" are sulHcient to force a very rapid develnpnnait. with a result thtit 

 we And sometimes three and at times four generations occurring ilnring the course 

 of the yeai-. 



In the entiro (ikaiiagaii \'.illo.\- there is little doubt that the climatic Conditions 

 will f:n-oiir two complete brocrds, .-inil there is a |iossiliility that in the southern 



sections (if the \;illey a llii-d or p.-irtial third l:r 1 will be found. Future investi- 



galion will deleriniiie this point, which, as iii.-iy I'eadily be supposed, is of great 

 importance to the fruit-grower, in that it .governs the reipiisite number of sprays. 

 The chart facing pa.ge 70 is offered as sug.gestive of wliat is imiilied in the foregoiig 

 paragraphs. No excuse is made for inaccuracies which may become apparent when 

 the investigation is pursued, hence the drawing must be taken as an approximate 

 diagram of the life-history of the moth, showing in addition the approximate spray 

 dates and the examination iieriods of the " liaiids." 



77/c Ciiiitrol of the Codlinii-iii'ilh hii N;. /■»//;»,/. —The most efl'ectnai method of 

 combating the codling-moth is by ap|ilying ii iioisoiKuis licpiid to aiijile^trees in the 

 sijring anil during snninier. 



Thr ,\l(i<Iiiiir used for ap|ilying this spra.\' should be a high-power gasolene 

 outfit capable of generating over I'liii lli. iiressure. The hose should be guaranteed 

 to stand at least oiiil lb. pressure, lland-power iiuin]is are effective if time and 

 care is taken in directing the spr.iy. A hand-syrin.ge would also he of use if the 

 application be made correctl.\'. ilowever. the time required and tlie relative effec- 

 tiveness of the spray varies in due projiortion to the type of machine used. .\ 

 gasolene-power ontlit. for instance, mi.ght be expected to handle 20 acres of large 

 (20-year) trees or 40 acres of small (^-10 year) trees at the critical period in the 

 spring. .\ b.ind-|io\\er might le expected to handle, respectively, from ."; to 10 acre-. 

 A hand-syriuge or knapsack pnnip might spra.v from six to twelve small trees. The 

 last two machines are. of course, licit re<-oiiinieiided in pr.iitice. 



