192 B. C. ENTOMf)LOGICAL SOCIETY 



obtain the thorough spray covering required. So while it is conceivable 

 that by increased wetting due to the spreader we would get quicker 

 covering, this should not become a factor of first importance when decid- 

 ing for or against the spreader. 



4. Are Siyreaders Advisable with all Arsenical Applications? 



The consensus of opinion seems to be that spreaders should be used 

 with all the lead arsenate applications from calyx or pink to the last 

 cover spray. Considered strictly from a comparative point of view and 

 valued on the beneficial results one might logically expect from its use 

 in actual apple worm control, it would appear that the spreader in the 

 solution could be dispensed with in the earlier applications if desired, 

 but is of especial merit in tlie late cover spray. 



Spreaders With Other Sprays 



No careful experiments have been made at the Oregon Station with 

 spreaders except with the poison sprays. Opportunities for observations 

 on their use with other materials have been frequent, and other experi- 

 menters and growers have used them in a great variety of ways. 



Fisher, of Washington, investigating the control of apple mildew 

 with the application of lime-sulphur, developed a casein spreader for 

 use and finds it a highly desirable addition. He also recommends it 

 with the lime-sulphur spray foi* brown rot on prunes and cherries. 



Jones, of California, finds the casein spreader a most satisfactory 

 and practical substitute for glue in their lime-sulphur-oil-glue and their 

 B.T.S. -oil-glue formulae in citrous spraying for scale in Tulare County. 



Smith, of Idaho, considers the addition of the spreader decidedly 

 improves the efficiency of the dormant spray of lime-sulphur for scale 

 control and of lime-sulphur in the delayed dormant for red spider control. 



DeOng, of California, considers the addition of casein spreader ad- 

 vantageous in red spider and aphis control sprays. 



Wenatchee authorities of Washington feel that there is an improve- 

 ment in most of their spray applications from the addition of a spreader. 

 It was observed that in the lime-sulphur-arsenate of lead combination 

 sprays, the addition of the casein spreader materially reduced the amount 

 and retarded the development of sludge. 



Where increased wetting, covering and adherence of the spray solu- 

 tion is desirable, the casein spreader improves. Bordeaux mixture is 

 apparently improved to an equal degree with the other spray solution, 

 tliough no careful experiments are at hand regarding the use of spreaders 

 with the Bordeaux. One caution is apparently worthy of mention here 

 — excessive amounts of spreader, i.e., more than one and one-half pounds 

 of commercial caseinate to 200 gallons of Bordeaux solution may cause 

 trouble : one poinid is probably advisable. 



