Pkoceedincs, 1024 25 



beneath which they feed durinf;' the entire period of their activity before 

 entering liibernati((n quarters. In many cases a caterpillar will attach a 

 leaf to an apple with silk, and feed upon the surface of the fruit, eating 

 out small lioles in the skin, and causing injury identical with that of the 

 larvae of the bud moth, Tmetocera ocellana (Schff. > In late August the 

 tiny caterpillars leave their feeding grounds and spin their cocoons for 

 hibernation upon the twigs and limbs of the trees. 



In controlling this insect, the same arsenical applications as are em- 

 ployed against the fruit-tree leaf-roller in early spring should prove 

 effective. The possible value of late summer sprays against the newly 

 hatched larvae is a matter foi- further exjieriment. 



Tortrix alleniana, Fern. 



Tliis insect was first recorded as an orchai'd pest, in the Okanagan 

 Valley, in the summer of 1922, when larvae were bred from apple foliage. 

 Our notes for the past two seasons indicate that this insect has a life 

 history very similar to that of the oblique-banded leaf-roller, inasmuch 

 as the eggs are laid in July in flattened oval masses upon the upper sur- 

 face of the leaves of apple trees. Eggs have also been taken upon the 

 foliage of alfalfa, and snuwberry. The egg mass of Tortrix alleniana dif- 

 fers from that of Cacoecia rosaceana in being a pale lemon yellow color, 

 and of more delicate structure. As the hatching period approaches, the 

 mass becomes more or less transparent in appearance, with the heads 

 of the larvae clearly visible. There is no difficulty in distinguishing the 

 eggs of the two species at hatching time, owing to the cloudy appearance 

 of the egg mass of Tortrix alleniana as compared with the very regular 

 arrangement of the larval heads in the mass of Cacoecia rosaceana. 



The newly hatched larvae feed exclusively upon the uiuler surface 

 of the foliage, and also upon the sui-faee of the fruit, in much the same 

 manner as do the larvae of C. rosaceana. The young larvae appear to be 

 somewhat gregarious in their habits during the late summer, three or 

 four individuals occasionally being found within the same web beneath 

 a single l(>af. Individual larvae may cause injury of an extensive nature 

 during their early life, their work, at this time, being in the nuijority of 

 cases, more apparent tlian tliat of either the bud-moth, or tin- oblique- 

 banded leaf-roller, botli of wliicli inserts occur in tin' same situation, and 

 at the same period of the year. 



The young larvae consti-uet iiibernating cocoons \\])nn tiie lind>s and 

 twigs during the latter part of July and early August, within which tiiey 

 remain until the following spring, emerging just as the buds begin to 

 ex]iand. 



The iiijui'.\' in early summer, by the maturing lai-\ae. is identical witii 

 that of tile otiier leaf-r<iliers already nu'ntioued. The mature larvae 

 nu'asures '2-i mm. iu length. The head is pale yellowish, with dark brown 



