172 



PSYCHE. 



[February iScjS. 



many species from India, but the figures 

 are very rough and often inaccurate, 

 [n some as many as twenty side horns 

 are shown, although these structures are 

 segmentary and could not possibly ex- 

 ceed twelve (nine is the normal number). 

 The figures serve only to give a general 

 idea of the larvae and in the case of the 

 smooth ones, where the structure is 

 obscure, they are worthless in locating 

 the forms. 



The few South American species de- 

 scribed belong to types represented with 

 us. Therefore, with the exception of 

 Australia, we have all the types as yet 

 definitely made known. 



The structure of the Eucleid larva is 

 to be understood by starting from a larva 

 like the Pyromorphid or European 

 Anthrocerid (Zygaenid) or, still more 

 exactly, the South American Megalopy- 

 gid which has warts derived from tuber- 

 cles i + ii, iii and iv + v. In the Eucleid 

 the subventral aiea is reduced, owing 

 to the formation of the creeping disk, 

 and all the warts below the stigmatal 

 region are obsolete. This leaves three 

 warts on thorax ami two on abdomen 

 for the primitive form. 



The warts are variously modified, two 

 main tendencies appearing. First hy- 

 pertrophy, resulting in appendages or 

 horns as they are variously called (spined 

 Eucleids) ; second atrophy, resulting 

 in the smooth type. 



Type I (Tropic hairy Eucleids.). 

 Illustrated by Phobetron and Calybia. 

 Three warts present on the thorax ; the 

 warts are hairy, not spined ; the first 

 stage shows single setae with an alter- 



nation of strong and weak segments 

 which persists in later stages. We 

 have here the original number of warts 

 and a modified primitive first stage, 

 followed by wart formation witli rela- 

 tively unmodified setae. This combi- 

 nation of generalized characters entitles 

 this type to the lowest place. Follow- 

 ing up this line of descent we have: — 



Types 2 atid j (Tropic spined Eu- 

 cleids). Illustrated by Sibine, Euclea 

 etc. Only two warts on thora.x, the 

 same as on abdomen. Horns spined, 

 the simple setae present only in stage I 

 and multiple ; no sign of alternating 

 weak and strong segments. We have 

 the formation of spiny setae, the num- 

 ber of warts reduced, a crowding back 

 of the simple-liaired warts into stage 

 I with loss of the primitive first stage. 

 A distinctly higher type in all the 

 characters enumerated. To this be- 

 long many of the Indian and South 

 American species figured by authors. 



Type 4. (Tropic smooth Eucleids) . 

 Illustrated by Eulimacodes. To return 

 to the starting point for this new phylum 

 tiiere are three warts on the thorax, 

 small warts present in stage I, afterwards 

 single setae only by degeneration. We 

 have atrophy of the warts superimposed 

 upon a crowding back of the wart for- 

 mation into stage I with loss of the 

 primitive first stage. 



Types J to J (Palaearctic smooth Eu- 

 cleids). Illustrated by Apoda, Hetero- 

 genea and Packardia. The warts are 

 absent, being reduced to single setae by 

 degeneration. In stage I single setae 

 are present, but modified and partly 



