222 



PSYCHE. 



rju 



of the body and the loss of the juvenile 

 armature. In only one instance, Papilio, 

 are the tubercles of the larva retained 

 (and here only for a single stage) after 

 the adult form and markings have ap- 

 peared ; and, excepting Laertias where 

 the markings are almost null through 

 life, Heraclides is the only example 

 where the ornamentation of the body of 

 the adult in any way resembles that of 

 the newly born caterpillar. 



There are several distinct lines along 

 which changes have occurred, permit- 

 ting readier comparison between allied 

 types and to set this forth more clearly 

 the facts are here tabulated, the numerals 

 representing the stages. 



From this it would appear to be 

 tolerably clear that the primaeval cater- 

 pillar of the Papilionini was covered 

 with rows of fleshy, mammiform tuber- 

 cles beset with bristles, and that these 

 were retained through life ; but that in 

 the gradual development of the group 



these were lost, first at the final stage 

 as we now find it in Papilio, afterwards 

 at successively earlier and earlier stages ; 

 the loss consisting, first, in the remov- 

 al of the bristles, afterwards in the 

 lowering of the tubercles until only 

 smooth and shining lenticles remained, 

 as now in the full grown caterpillar of 

 Heraclides ; these again, as in several 

 genera, were replaced by colored 

 spots, some of which in caterpillars so 

 far developed as Euphoeades and Jas- 

 oniades, assumed special forms. 



So when we come to the general 

 color, it may be fairly presumed that 

 the early caterpillar was of a dark 

 color — in no way green as Weismann, 

 from his study of the Sphingidae, seems 

 to think all young caterpillars were ; 

 probably of a uniform dark color with 

 a tendency toward a deepening of the 

 tint of the region about the third thor- 

 acic segment (which early assumes a 

 special importance in these caterpil- 



Tubercles large and bristly' 



" diminished, often without bristles 



" changed to lenticles 



Lenticles changed to spots 



No conspicuous tubercles 



Filaments 



Body pretty uniformly cylindrical .... 



" slightly tumid in front 



" distinctly '' " " 



" tapering in front 



Color almost entirely brown 



" dark, saddled with light 



" transversely striped with black and bright 



" almost entirely green 



Curving lateral stripe in front 



Bright spots in rows on abdominal segments 



A thoracic ocellus 



Special markings on first abdominal segment 



