nber 1S9S ] 



PSYCHE. 



iHl 



long. Ovisac and form of insect as in I'n- 

 inimcrnbilis. Body gi'ev, with some ligliter 

 patches and black spots, giving a mottled 

 appearance which is characteristic. Dried 

 specimens become reddish-brown or greyish. 

 Eggs white. 



Antennae usually 7-segmented, the several 

 segments measuring as follows in [ip.: — (i) 

 37- (2-) 39- (3-) 54- (4-) 68. (5.) 25. (6.) 

 17. (7.) 4J. Formula 4372156. By the 

 division of 4, the antennae become S-seg- 

 mented, the measurements in \i.^ being: — 

 (I.) 39. (2.) 31. (3.) 56. (4.) 42. (5.) 25. (6.) 20. 

 (7.) 23. (S.) 45. Formula 3S412576. Of 

 course these measurements vary more or 

 less in different individuals. Legs ordinary; 

 front leg with coxa 70, femur 152, tibia, 113 

 tarsus, 65, claw 20 (i|i. All the digitules 

 filiform, tarsal digitules very long. Marginal 

 spines blunt, 34 to 37 |ji|x long. 



Hah. — On Tiliii americana, Methuen, 

 Lawrence and Andover, Mass., June iSgS. 

 ((?. B. King). This insect is described as a 

 subspecies of hntumcrahilis, because it is 

 very closely allied to it, and evidently a 

 comparatively recent segregate. It will 

 probably be treated as a distinct species when 

 the genus is revised. The mottled appear- 

 ance is found by Mr. King to be constant 

 and distinctive. The microscopical charac- 

 ters are nearly those of innumerabilis., but 

 the antennal segments seem to be constantly 

 shorter, and the marginal spines longer, 

 than in that insect. 



JANET ON MYRMECOPHILOUS ANI- 

 MALS. 



The literature upon myrmecophily is so 

 extensive and scattered that a work which 

 gives a general survey of the subject is 

 certainly Avelcome. Such a desirable work 

 is Janet's " Rapports des animaux myrmfi- 

 cophiles avec les fourmis" i^Limoges 1897, 

 S .), a pamphlet of nearly one hundred 



pages, dealing chiefly with insects, in a 

 systematic and comprehensive way, although 

 discussing also certain Nematodes, Isopods 

 and Arachnids. 



In view of the fact that almost thirteen 

 hundred species of myrmecophilous animals 

 are known, the work is necessarily concise, 

 but the author has condensed a large amount 

 of information into a comparatively small 

 space and has wisely supplemented his 

 statements at every step by references to 

 original sources of information, which 

 number two hundred titles. The results of 

 other workers are Avell summarized and 

 original observations abound throughout. 



Those animals only are regarded as truly 

 myrmecophilous which, for whatever reason, 

 actually seek the society of ants and volun- 

 tarily come to live in their nests. From this 

 definition, therefore, are excluded Apliids 

 and Lycaenid larvae, certain enemies, en- 

 slaved ants and many insects which mimic 

 ants. Janet considers these, indeed, but 

 devotes special attention to true myrme- 

 cophily, comprising the following categories, 

 each of which is examined in detail : /ara- 

 sithm ; pfioresy, denoting the utilization of 

 ants for transportation; tnyrmccoclepty, 

 signifying the theft of food from ants; 

 sytiec/itiy, the consumption of ants as food; 

 synoely, to express the habits of such ani- 

 mals as enter ants' nests for debris, warmth, 

 shelter, etc., have no direct relations with 

 the ants themselves and are tolerated by the 

 latter ; and myrmecoxetiy, a special kind of 

 symbiosis. 



Reserving the term symbiosis to imply 

 mutual benefit, Janet suggests the word 

 Jiamahiosis to signify the habitual dwelling 

 together of two species, for any purpose, 

 with or without evident advantage, either 

 mutual or one-sided. 



In this country, myrmecophily offers a 

 large, fresh and fascinating subject for 

 study, requiring not only minute observation 

 and great patience but also considerable 

 mechanical ingenuity. 



