March 1899. J 



PSYCHE. 



335 



\\ inm.. while those of the convex forms are 

 3 mm. long and i wide, and these are covered 

 more or less with the epidermis of the bark 

 of the food plant, which gives the scale the 

 appearance of being yellowish brown instead 

 of white as in the typical C. fiirfiiriis. The 

 female agrees very well with C. furfurus, 

 found on several other food plants in this 

 locality. The eggs are dai'k purplish red. 

 And the male scales are small and of the 

 same normal form of the genus. The most 

 conspicuous difference is in the lively color 

 of the epidermis white scale of the female, 

 giving them a very peculiar and distinct ap- 

 pearance from the scales of the t\pical C. 

 furfurus. 



Hab. — Lawrence, Mass., Oct. 15, 1898. on 

 buckthorn (Rliamniis cal/iar/icus L.) The 

 hedge infested is over 100 feet long, and to 

 all appearances there is not a twig without 

 some of the scales, and many of them 

 covered w'ith them, so much so that they 

 are noticeable a long distance off. 



Prof. Cockerell suggests that I give a few 

 notes on other species covered with epider- 

 mis of their food plant, and has very kindly 

 given me these references. Ilo-^vardia btcla- 

 vis Comst. is a species normally covered 

 by epidermis, but Mr. Maskell has given the 

 name \'ar. detccfa, to a foini not so co\'ered. 

 Aspidioiiis rydoHt'ne, var. tecia Mask, is a 

 variety covered with the epidermis of its 

 food plant as in C. fulvus. C/iioiiaspis 

 minor var. timida Ckll. (MS.) is also a 

 form covered by the epidermis of Hibiscus, 

 found by Mr. Barber on the island of An- 

 tigua. Of coiu'se it is a matter of taste 

 yvhether such forms as the above should be 

 named. I believe, however, that they should 

 be. Chiouaspis furfurus var. uhni Ckll. is 

 a variety found on elm at Brownsville, 

 Texas, by Prof. C. H. T. Tounsend, and is 

 not covered with epidermis. 



The food plants of Chioiiaspis furfurus 

 Fitch are : choke-cherry {Prunus virgint- 

 aiia], black cherry (P. seraiiiiti), wild red 

 cherry {P. pennsylvanica), \vild and culti- 



vated apple {Pyrns sp.),crab apple, etc., pear 

 {Pyrus communis), peach (Persica Tu/gitris), 

 Japan quince [Cydoiiia japouica), cherry cur- 

 rant var. (Riltes sp.), red flowering currant 

 (Ri/>cs sauguiueum), European mountain ash 

 (Lurhus aucuparia). The following in 

 Massachusetts: wild red cherry, pear, wild 

 and cultivated apple, flowering quince 

 (Pyrus japouica'), choke-berry (Pyrus arbu- 

 tifoli(i), shad bush (Amelauc/iicr cauaden- 

 sis), black alder ( Cleilira aluifolia). The last 

 four food plants are here recorded for the 

 first time, and found by tne; all of the others 

 are from Dr. L. O. Howard. 



Predaceous enemies. — Ckilocorus bivul- 

 nerns Muls. (Walsh and Riley. W. Saun- 

 ders). Hyperaspidins sp. (C. P. Gillette). 

 Tyroglyplnis iiialus Shinier (W. Saunders). 

 Parasited by Alberus clisiocanipae Ashm. 

 (Howard). 



Distribution. — Dr. Howard has been so 

 kind as to give me a complete list taken from 

 his card catalogue. 



Virginia: — Blacksburg, Buckland, Cro- 

 zet, Covesville, Huntingdon valley, Monas- 

 sas. Miller School, Morrisville, Maynesboro, 

 Staunton, Tomsbrook, Vienna, Wellington, 

 Woodstock, Warrenton, Waldrop, Win- 

 chester. Maryland : — Baltimore, Foxville. 

 Harris Lot, Harney, llagerstown, Still Pond, 

 Wingate, Williamsport. Pennsylvania: — 

 Bird in Hand, Chestnut Hills, Craley, Con- 

 cordia, Floradale, Fricks, Gum Tree, Marion, 

 North Hope, Philadelphia, Pine Grove, Rut- 

 ledge, Stony Brook, Waymesboro, Yorkana. 

 Illinois : — Cambridge, Centralia, Good Hope, 

 Grape Creek, Hopedale, Leanderville, 

 Loda, McLeansboro. Indiana: — Boonville, 

 Brookville, Carthage, Jasonville, Mitchell, 

 Terre Haute. West Virginia: — Burlington, 

 Gerrardstovvn, Little Georgetown, Pow Pow, 

 Roanoke. Northern California: — Blowing 

 Rock, Fruitland, Greensboro, Waynesville. 

 0//;o; — Cleveland, Home City, Wooster, 

 Ne-v York: — Hudson, Rye. Dela-vare: — 

 Dover, Newark. Kentucky : — Buckner, Val- 

 ley Station. Rhode Island: — Kingston, 



