22 



mondations of the entomologist into disre])ute. However, the ques- 

 tion of a safe and efficient trcjitment of this insect in orchards api)ears 

 now to be settled, and, aside from questions of convenience in prepa- 

 ration and the time of application, the experimental stage is prac- 

 tically i^assed. 



There is a tendency, however, in the recent literature on the lime, 

 sulphur, and salt wash, the advisability of which is perhaps open to 

 question. I refer to the publication for the use of the fruit grower 

 of the various fornudje l^nown in its preparation. He is scarcely 

 {ible to know what is best; conse(]uently lie must simply pay the 

 money and take his choice. As a matter of fact, there appears to be 

 room for great latitude in the proportions of the ingredients used 

 and in the manner of preparation without injuriously atfecting the 

 efficiency of the wash. The tendency is j^erhaps to adopt the so-called 

 even-quantity fornnda, namely, one part each of the lime, sulphur, 

 and salt to three parts of water. It would appear highly desirable 

 that a standard formula be adopted for the convenience of fruit 

 growers, as the directions for its preparation at the j) resent time 

 differ more or less for almost every State. Or is it, perhaps, true 

 that climatic and other conditions vary so much in the Eastern States 

 that a fornnda found effective in Virginia, for instance, would not 

 necessarily be as effective in Maryland, Ohio, or Connecticut? 



The interest in mosquitoes, which had been steadily growing from 

 about 1894, as a result, primarily, of the work of Doctor Howard, 

 was given a great stimulus in the latter part of that decade by the 

 demonstration by a group of medical men of the role which these 

 insects })lay in the transmission of malarial and yellow fever. Innne- 

 diately these insects became objects of the greatest interest, and 

 entomologists were called upon to furnish information concerning 

 their life histories, habits, and classification. The mosquito has been 

 studied in many quarters, and the contributions of American ento- 

 mologists have been very important. Since 1900 a remarkably large 

 amount of work has been done, as the following partial list of publi- 

 cations treating of the Culicida^ testifies : 



Notes on the Mosquitoes of tbe United States. Howard, 3000, pp. 70. 



Gnats and Mos(iuitoes. Giles, 1900. pp. 314. 



Malaria. Eyre, 1000. pp. 275. 



Monograph of the Culicidie. Theobald. \'ols. I and II, 1000. i)p. 817. plates 59. 



Mosquitoes. Howard, 1901, pp, 241. 



Our Near Neighbor, the Mosquito. Itifh, 1001, i)p. 58. 



Gnats and Mosquitoes. Giles, 2d ed., 1902. pp, 530. 



Laborator.v Work with Mosquitoes. Eerkely, 1902, pp. 112. 



Mosquito Extermination, Nox'th Shore, Long Island. 1902. pp. 125. 



IMosquito Brigades. Ross. 1902. i)p. 98. 



Fii-st Anti-Mosquito Convention. 1003. pp. S3. 



Monograph of the Culicid*. Theobald. Vol. Ill, 1903, pp, 539. 



Common Mosquitoes of New Jersey. Smith, 1904, pp. 40. 



