22 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TRUCK CROPS. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
In some respects this is one of the most interesting of the insects 
found attacking garden plants. In the first place, it appears to be 
limited to no special life zone, if we can judge by the records of dis- 
tribution. It occurs in every State and Territory inthe Union. From 
a very considerable portion of Canada from east to west bordering 
the Unitec States, its range extends through Central America and the 
West Indies to South America, at least as far as Venezuela. 
HABITS AND LIFE HISTORY. 
Even without the warning scent organs with which the larva is 
supplied, its colors are so peculiar that birds soon recognize it and 
learn to leave it undisturbed, owing to its disagreeable taste. It 
is not, however, free from insect enemies. It would seem that the 
Fic. 6.—The celery caterpillar: Female butterfly. About natural size. (Original.) 
larva is perfectly well aware of its immunity from attack by birds, 
since it feeds in plain view in the later stages and even crawls to the 
outer surface of plants, appearing to invite the freest exposure. It 
is remarkable, also, that the colors of the pupa as well as its attachment 
to inconspicuous objects render it comparatively free from natural 
enemies. Fitch (in manuscript) noticed ‘‘a female at midday hover- 
ing around some caraway, ovipositing. She gently settles on the 
end of a leaf, holding thereto with her feet for a few moments, whilst 
she curves her abdomen forward and places an egg on the upper 
surface of one of the small leaflets, and then gently flies away to 
another leaf.’’ 
Owing to the extremely wide range of this species there is much 
variation in its life history. Gundlach and Chapman observed this 
insect in Cuba and Florida, respectively, and their observations, 
with those of others farther north, show that the eggs hatch in from 
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