LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF HOP FLEA-BEETLE. 45 
single stub. Many stubs do not contain beetles, however, and the 
average is very much lower. A few beetles were found in the cracks 
of the pith of pigweed and in some hollow-stemmed plants, but the 
most frequented place of this sort is the hollow vine stub. Table IV 
illustrates the number and condition of the beetles in the stubs: 
TABLE IV.—Number and condition of hop flea-beetles taken from vine stubs. 
Average | Average + ~ | 
Date Number | number | number of ee ees Per cent | Per cent 
: of stubs. enna “\ofbeetles| beetles Alemalke Il acitice.. dead. alive. 
; per kiln.| per acre. wale | SENASE 
1909. | : 
February 1... =.= 219 304 10. 01 $908.90) |. oases acl\or ee ceed leccacsccticllec-eeeneae 
DO a asasc25 =e 89 216 7.32 a A Vie ee Sones er emer crore ame prs Sects 
February 4-...-....- 320 Co ee ee ee es ee 118 | 216 35. 32 | 64. 68 
February 10....... 340 265 2.31 2, 057. 90 97 243 28. 81 70.19 
February 20....... 324 | 93 . 88 783.20 37 56 39.78 69. 22 
DO Ses cee2ece 330 133 TERR 1, 094. 70 61 72 45. 86 54.14 
Marches. 22-52 457 813 7.08 6, 301. 20 292 | 521 35, 88 64. 12 
Nearehy Sto eo es sass. 161 331 8. 20 7, 298. 00 106 | 225 32. 02 | 67.89 
LES) a eee 241 327 5.40 4, 806. 00 137 | 188 42,20 57. 80 
WarehelOesans cscs 288 397 5.48 4, 877. 20 108 | 289 27. 20 72. 80 
Marchul6..-.-2.-.5 231 | 323 5.56 4, 948. 40 114 | 209 35. 29 64.71 
Dor essee—-2- =<. 155 | 292 7.42 6, 603. 80 118 | 174 40. 41 59. 59 
Beetles in string pegs—The cedar pegs which are used in stringing 
the yards are usually left in the field when the yards are cleaned up 
in the fall. The soft string which often remains on the peg affords a 
splendid place for the beetles to spend the winter, and many were 
observed taking advantage of it. 
Beetles in grass and weeds.—In the grass and weeds of uncultivated 
yards and along the borders of other yards the beetles were found 
hibernating in considerable numbers. They were situated just under 
the surface of the soil, but above the crown of the roots. They prob- 
ably seek the grass and weeds as a temporary refuge when the cold 
weather first sets in, and as the winter advances they either crawl 
down into the soil or it is washed over them by the early rains. 
Beetles in the bare soil—Many beetles were found around the poles 
and vines embedded in the bare soil. In one strip of soil 3 inches wide 
surrounding a trellis pole, 31 beetles were found; many were ob- 
served in the soil around the base of the vines and a few between the 
rows. They did not penetrate very far into the firm soil, the majority 
being found within the first half inch, but where the land was in the 
form of loose clods at the time that the beetles entered they crawled 
as far down as the openings went, and the rain, packing the soil over 
them, housed them 2 and even 3 inches below the surface. 
Method of finding beetles in the soil—sSince the beetles are very 
small and dark in color they are very similar to the particles of soil in 
which they are embedded, and to find them by digging around the 
roots of the grass is almost impossible. An attempt was made to 
