264 MacCaAuGHEY: THE STRAND FLORA 
The following islands have relatively wide strands: 
I. Ocean, paps or Cure Island: circular barrier atoll, 16 miles in circumference; 
lagoon about 38 square miles; several low sand islets in the lagoon; 
aids eneeneety and other low vegetation on the largest sand islet, 
**Green Island 
a) gerne or Brook's Island: circular barrier atoll, 18 miles in circumference; area 
agoon about 40 square miles; several low sand islets in the lagoon; native 
os introduced vegetation. 
3. Pearl and Hermes Reef: irregular, oval barrier atoll, 42 miles in circumference; 
area of lagoon about 80 square miles; numerous low sand islets in the lagoon, 
with grasses and other low i 
4. ieee Island: low, oval isle of coral sand two > miles by three miles; lagoon 
empty of water; surrounded by reef whic seven miles from isle; 
Vv 
5. Laysan Island: elevat latoll; t iles b il da half; well-developed 
fringing reef; briny lagoon; ébinrdent acct vegetation. 
eS revch F ete s Shoal: crescentic atoll, with numerous low sand isles, and several 
ocky volcanic isles; area of shoe! about 30 square miles; extensive reefs; 
w vegetation on san es 
7. Small isles ee the coasts of Oahu, most of them formerly connected with the 
island; sparse vegetation: Kihewamoku, Mokuaia; Pulemoku; Kukuihoolua; 
Mokualai; Mokolii; Kapapa; Ahuolaka; Kekepa; Mokuoloe; Mokolea 
Cea Kaonikaipu; Mokauea; cs. Onini; Moku Umaume; Lau- 
lau 
8. Smali nei along the coasts of Molokai, most of them formerly connected with 
the island; vegetation sparse or ete Namoku; Mokapu; Okala; Kuelo- 
Lepau; Mokuhooniki; Kanaha; Pu 
g. Small isles along the coasts of Hawaii: Casi Island, etc. 
Narrow strands are characteristic of the following islands: 
10. Nithan: area 97 square miles; highest point, 1,300 feet. 
13- Molokai: area 261 square miles; highest point, 4,958 feet. 
14. Maui: area 728 square miles; highest point, 10,032 feet. 
15. Lanai: area 139 square miles; highest point, 3,400 feet. 
16. Kahoolawe: area 69 square miles; highest point, 1,472 feet. 
17. Hawaii: area 4015 square miles; highest point, 13,825 feet. 
A number of the smaller islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago 
rise very abruptly from the sea, and are characterized by steep or 
precipitous coasts. The following are of this type: 
18. Gardiner Island: conical rock, 700 fee t in diameter, 175 feet high; cliffs 60-70 
eet high on all sides; a smaller, precipitous rock nearby. 
1g. French Frigates Shoal: volcanic rocky islet in center of formerl agoon; 180 feet 
long, 45 feet wide, 120 feet high; vertical walls; barr 
20. Necker Island: remnant of volcanic crater, eeucd by reef; isle is three 
q ts of a mile long, 500 feet wide, and 300 feet high; scanty vegetation 
sea-cliffs on all sides. 
