270 MaAcCAUGHEY: THE STRAND FLORA 
orchids and young palms as part of the drift, washed high up on 
the beach and growing. He states: 
We passed large quantities of leaves, fruits, and flowers, and branches of trees 
floated off from the shores. . . .- I was astonished at the large quantities of fresh vege- 
table matter thus seen floating on the sea. . . . Not only are large quantities of 
fruits [containing seeds] capable of RIE FE thus transported from island to 
island, but entire ier “ea even trees, are washed from island to island and 
transplanted by the w 
Hooker (’47, p. met states that the majority of the littoral species 
of the Galapagos Islands have reached the islands through oceanic 
and aerial currents. There are about twenty such plants, mostly 
species common to warm latitudes. Some of these are: Cissam- 
pelos Partera, Tribulus cistoides, Tephrosia littoralis, Verbena 
littoralis, Avicennia tomentosa, Scaevola Plumieri, Ipomoea mari- 
tima, Calystegia Soldanella, and Heliotropium curassavicum. 
Hooker attributes the following plants of the Peruvian and Chilean 
littoral, which occur on the Galapagos strand, to ocean currents: 
Vigna oahuensis, Acacia Cavenia, Nicotiana glutinosa, Dictyocalyx 
Miersit, Lycopersicum peruvianum, Verbena littoralis, V. polystacha, 
and Plantago tomentosa. 
FLOTATION ADAPTATIONS OF STRAND PLANT SEEDS 
In his ‘monograph on the Indo-Malayan strand flora Schimper 
(91, pp. 163-178) makes the following classification of strand 
plants, based upon the flotation characters: 
I. oe und Driftsamen mit grossen luftftthrenden annie Examples: 
fru 
maritima, Ipomoea pes caprae, Pangium edule (?), cities asiatica (?), 
orinda citrifolia. 
2. Driftsamen mit schwammigen Samenkern. Examples: many Leguminosae, such 
as Sophora tomentosa a sth on of paisa: ‘out Canavalia; embryos of 
Rhizophora and Avic 
3. Driftfriichte und Driftsa wad deren Schwimmfahigkeit durch luftfiihrendes 
halengewebe bedin 
A. sates e saat a Examples: Clerodendron inerme, Car rapa 
species, nahi subcordata, Wollastonia glabra, ene este argentea, 
Pemphis aci 
a. phair mit grossen Intercellularriumen. Examples: Cerbera 
Odollam, Laguncularia racemosa, Nipa fruticans. 
- Schwimmgewege ohne oder nur mit winzigen Intercellularriumen. Ex- 
amples: fruits of Cocos nucifera, Barringtonia speciosa, B. excelsa, Ter- 
