OF THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO Zit 
minalia Katappa, Conocarpus erecta, Lumnitzera racemosa, L. coccinea, 
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Guettarda speciosa, Tournefortia argeniea, 
Wollastonia {glabra, Scaevola Koenigii, Clerodendron inerme, Cynometra 
cauliflora, Cordia subcordata; seeds of Carapa moluccensis, C. obovata, 
cana; seeds of Cyas circinalis and Excoecaria A gallocha. 
Guppy (06, p. 531) enumerates the following seeds or seed 
vessels that remained afloat after a year’s flotation in sea-water: 
Thespesia populnea, Mucuna gigantea, Dioclea sp., Strongylodon 
lucidum, Sophora tomentosa, Caesalpina Bonducella, Entada scan- 
dens, Morinda citrifolia, Scaevola Koenigti, Cordia subcordata, 
Tournefortia argentea, Ipomoea grandiflora, and Tacca pinnatifida. 
In Helmsley’s classification of the Bermudian flowering plants 
(’85, p. 48) the following indigenous genera, chiefly littoral forms, 
are listed as having probably been conveyed to the island by ocean 
currents: Cakile, Hibiscus, Suriana, Elaeodendron, Sapindus, 
Dodonaea, Cardiospermum, ‘Rhus, Sophora, Vigna, Canavalia, 
Centrosema, Conocarpus, Rhizophora, Opuntia, Sesuvium, Rhachi- 
callis, Chiococca, Morinda, Solidago, Borrichia, Scaevola, Tourne- 
fortia, Heliotropium, Ipomoea, Convolvulus, Avicennia, Coccoloba, 
Atriplex, Salicornia, Euphorbia, Croton, Ruppia, Zostera, Cenchrus, 
- Spartina, Stenotaphrum, Sporobolus, Chloris. 
Helmsley (’84, p- 304) has also recorded the actual germination 
of various drifted seeds after being cast ashore. He lists Hibiscus 
tiliaceus, Vitis vinifera, Sapindus Saponaria, Anacardium occidentale, 
-Aleurites moluccana, Ricinus communis, Cocos nucifera, and Sagus 
sp. Of Vitis vinifera he records the foundering of a vessel laden 
with a cargo of white Lisbon grapes, off the south shore of Bermuda. 
Many of the grapes were washed ashore, and the seeds germinated 
at high-water mark. Numbers of plants were taken up, out of 
curiosity, and transplanted, and bore fruit. Martins raised plants 
from seeds of Ricinus communis that had been floating for ninety- 
three days upon the surface of the sea. 
Shull’s (’14) extensive experiments show that the seeds of 
many species will germinate after four years of continuous sub- 
mergence in fresh water, and that the seeds of three species were 
viable after seven years of continuous submergence. 
